Earth,s system Flashcards
What is a mineral?
A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure.
True or False: All minerals are formed from living organisms.
False
What is the primary classification of minerals based on their composition?
Silicate and non-silicate minerals.
Fill in the blank: The largest group of minerals, which contain silicon and oxygen, are called ______.
Silicates
Which mineral is known as the hardest natural substance on Earth?
Diamond
What is the main characteristic that differentiates silicate minerals from non-silicate minerals?
Silicate minerals contain silicon and oxygen.
Name one example of a non-silicate mineral.
Calcite
True or False: All minerals have a crystalline structure.
True
What property of minerals is determined by the arrangement of atoms in the crystal structure?
Crystal form
What is the Mohs scale used for?
To measure the hardness of minerals.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a property used to identify minerals? A) Color B) Luster C) Weight D) Hardness
C) Weight
What term describes the ability of a mineral to break along flat surfaces?
Cleavage
Fill in the blank: The tendency of a mineral to resist scratching is known as its ______.
Hardness
What is the term for minerals that form from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?
Igneous minerals
True or False: Sedimentary minerals are formed under high temperature and pressure.
False
What is a common method used to classify non-silicate minerals?
By their chemical composition.
What are the two main categories of non-silicate minerals?
Carbonates and oxides.
Define ‘luster’ in terms of mineral identification.
The way a mineral reflects light.
What is the main component of the mineral quartz?
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
Multiple Choice: Which mineral is commonly used in glassmaking? A) Feldspar B) Mica C) Halite D) Gypsum
A) Feldspar
What is the significance of the streak test in mineral identification?
It reveals the true color of a mineral in powdered form.
