Earth's Resources Flashcards
Describe where salts can be extracted from:
-In hot coastal countries, salt can be extracted by evaporating sea water
-directly mining rock salts
-solution mining
-can be produced artificially by 3 methods: From Metals, Bases and Metal Carbonates
What is the equation if it is produced from a metal?
acid+ metal –> salt + hydrogen gas
What is the equation if it is produced from a base?
acid + metal hydroxide/oxide –> salt + water
What is the equation if it is produced by a metal carbonate?
metal carbonate+ acid –> carbon dioxide+ salt+ water
Where does the first and second name of the salt come from?
First name = comes from metal reactant
Second name= comes from reacting acid
What is the test for hydrogen gas?
squeaky pop test
What is the test for carbon dioxide?
limewater turns cloudy test
Give 2 examples of metals and their properties and uses:
Aluminium= heat conductor= radiator/saucepans
Mercury= liquid at room temp= thermometer
What does finite mean?
there is only a limited supply
What is an ore?
a naturally occurring rock that contains metal or metal compounds
Give some examples of synthetic materials:
concrete, satin, PVA glue, polyester, glass
Give some examples of natural materials:
wool, clay, oxygen, straw, silk, cotton, wood
What is a raw material?
materials that are in their natural state, before they are processed or used in manufacturing
What is a ceramic material?
materials made out of clay soil, that has been dug out of the ground and heated in a kiln oven to form the desired shape
Describe why clay is used for ceramics:
it can be easily shaped, and ceramics have excellent strength and hardness properties
What are advanced ceramics?
non-clay based material , instead are either based on oxides or carbides, borides, nitrides and silicides -they offer much greater strength than regular ceramics
What is a composite material?
material made up of two or more different types of material
Describe reinforced concrete:
made with steel and concrete ; strong when stretched (from steel) and strong when squashed (from concrete)
What is a polymer?
long-chained molecules made up of smaller molecules called monomers
Explain why different metals were discovered first:
metals that were discovered first ( gold, copper, silver, lead and iron) were least reactive as they were found naturally. whereas metals which took longer to discover ( potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, strontium etc) were most reactive as the metal ore had to go through a chemical reaction in order to extract the metal.
How are the most reactive metals extracted (potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium and aluminium)
electrolysis of molten ores
How are zinc, iron and copper extracted?
reduction of ores using carbon
How are silver and gold extracted?
metals occur in element form
What is reduction?
loss of oxygen OR gain of hydrogen during the chemical reaction
What is oxidation?
gain of oxygen by a substance during a chemical reaction
What is electrolysis?
process by which electrical current is passed through a substance to effect a chemical change - in this case used to extract a more reactive metal from the ore (aluminium can go through this process)
What is the atmosphere?
the relatively thin layer of gas which surround the earth
What does the earth’s atmosphere consist of?
21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, 1% carbon dioxide, argon, water vapour + others
Describe what happened to earth’s atmosphere over time:
early earth was a very hot, violent, dry place with many volcanoes, early atmosphere made up of gases released by volcanoes (carbon dioxide, water and others) , temperatures eventually cooled forming oceans, some of carbon dioxide began too dissolve into ocean and formed into rocks, life on earth began to evolve (organisms) and made its way to today’s atmosphere
List a few ways of reducing Carbon dioxide:
use public transport, turn off light/ taps/ showers, walk rather than driving
What is a catalyst?
any substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up (speed up chemical reactions by lowering minimum energy needed to get a reaction started)
Name some benefits of catalysts :
lower temperature required so therefore less energy is used , lowers cost to industry and reduces energy consumption
