Earth's Resources

Question 1

Describe where salts can be extracted from:

Answer 1

-In hot coastal countries, salt can be extracted by evaporating sea water
-directly mining rock salts
-solution mining
-can be produced artificially by 3 methods: From Metals, Bases and Metal Carbonates

Question 2

What is the equation if it is produced from a metal?

Answer 2

acid+ metal –> salt + hydrogen gas

Question 3

What is the equation if it is produced from a base?

Answer 3

acid + metal hydroxide/oxide –> salt + water

Question 4

What is the equation if it is produced by a metal carbonate?

Answer 4

metal carbonate+ acid –> carbon dioxide+ salt+ water

Question 5

Where does the first and second name of the salt come from?

Answer 5

First name = comes from metal reactant
Second name= comes from reacting acid

Question 6

What is the test for hydrogen gas?

Answer 6

squeaky pop test

Question 7

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

Answer 7

limewater turns cloudy test

Question 8

Give 2 examples of metals and their properties and uses:

Answer 8

Aluminium= heat conductor= radiator/saucepans
Mercury= liquid at room temp= thermometer

Question 9

What does finite mean?

Answer 9

there is only a limited supply

Question 10

What is an ore?

Answer 10

a naturally occurring rock that contains metal or metal compounds

Question 11

Give some examples of synthetic materials:

Answer 11

concrete, satin, PVA glue, polyester, glass

Question 12

Give some examples of natural materials:

Answer 12

wool, clay, oxygen, straw, silk, cotton, wood

Question 13

What is a raw material?

Answer 13

materials that are in their natural state, before they are processed or used in manufacturing

Question 14

What is a ceramic material?

Answer 14

materials made out of clay soil, that has been dug out of the ground and heated in a kiln oven to form the desired shape

Question 15

Describe why clay is used for ceramics:

Answer 15

it can be easily shaped, and ceramics have excellent strength and hardness properties

Question 16

What are advanced ceramics?

Answer 16

non-clay based material , instead are either based on oxides or carbides, borides, nitrides and silicides -they offer much greater strength than regular ceramics

Question 17

What is a composite material?

Answer 17

material made up of two or more different types of material

Question 18

Describe reinforced concrete:

Answer 18

made with steel and concrete ; strong when stretched (from steel) and strong when squashed (from concrete)

Question 19

What is a polymer?

Answer 19

long-chained molecules made up of smaller molecules called monomers

Question 20

Explain why different metals were discovered first:

Answer 20

metals that were discovered first ( gold, copper, silver, lead and iron) were least reactive as they were found naturally. whereas metals which took longer to discover ( potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, strontium etc) were most reactive as the metal ore had to go through a chemical reaction in order to extract the metal.

Question 21

How are the most reactive metals extracted (potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium and aluminium)

Answer 21

electrolysis of molten ores

Question 22

How are zinc, iron and copper extracted?

Answer 22

reduction of ores using carbon

Question 23

How are silver and gold extracted?

Answer 23

metals occur in element form

Question 24

What is reduction?

Answer 24

loss of oxygen OR gain of hydrogen during the chemical reaction

Question 24

What is oxidation?

Answer 24

gain of oxygen by a substance during a chemical reaction

Question 25

What is electrolysis?

Answer 25

process by which electrical current is passed through a substance to effect a chemical change - in this case used to extract a more reactive metal from the ore (aluminium can go through this process)

Question 26

What is the atmosphere?

Answer 26

the relatively thin layer of gas which surround the earth

Question 27

What does the earth's atmosphere consist of?

Answer 27

21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, 1% carbon dioxide, argon, water vapour + others

Question 28

Describe what happened to earth's atmosphere over time:

Answer 28

early earth was a very hot, violent, dry place with many volcanoes, early atmosphere made up of gases released by volcanoes (carbon dioxide, water and others) , temperatures eventually cooled forming oceans, some of carbon dioxide began too dissolve into ocean and formed into rocks, life on earth began to evolve (organisms) and made its way to today's atmosphere

Question 29

List a few ways of reducing Carbon dioxide:

Answer 29

use public transport, turn off light/ taps/ showers, walk rather than driving

Question 30

What is a catalyst?

Answer 30

any substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up (speed up chemical reactions by lowering minimum energy needed to get a reaction started)

Question 31

Name some benefits of catalysts :

Answer 31

lower temperature required so therefore less energy is used , lowers cost to industry and reduces energy consumption