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Earth & Environmental science > Earth's processes > Flashcards

Earth's processes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the largest time division called?

A

An Eon

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2
Q

What can each Eon be sub divided into?

A

Eras

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3
Q

What can each Era be sub divided into?

A

Periods

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4
Q

List the Eons of Earth History in reverse Chronological order.

A

1) The Phanerozoic Eon
2) The Proterozoic Eon
3) The Archaean Eon
4 The Hadean Eon

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5
Q

How old is the Earth believed to be?

A

4.6 Billion years old

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6
Q

List what was different from today’s Earth to the Earth of 4 billion years ago.

A
  • Strong U.V rays from the sun
  • Atmosphere of water vapour, methane, ammonia, carbon Dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen.
  • NO free oxygen
  • Violent Storms - A lot of lightning
  • Volcanoes added many gases to the atmosphere.
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7
Q

Who proved the concept that “life could appear spontaneously” and when?

A

Louis Pasteur in 1862

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8
Q

What did Louis Pasteur’s experiment consist of?

A

It consisted of 3 flasks containing a “broth” boiled until sterilised. There was a closed flask, open flask and a flask with a gooseneck.

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9
Q

What were the results of Louis Pasteur’s experiment in 1862?

A

It proved the theory of spontaneous regeneration wrong

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10
Q

When the the CELL THEORY OF LIFE established as a scientific principle?

A

By the 1880’s

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11
Q

What did the Cell theory of life include?

A

All cells (life) come(s) from pre existing cells (life).

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12
Q

What is the Panspermia Hypothesis?

A

The idea of that the first living thing may have come from outer space.

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13
Q

What is evidence for the Panspermia hypothesis?

A

Certain organic chemicals including some which can form amino acids have been detected in comets, meteorites and even interstellar dust clouds.

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14
Q

What is wrong with the Panspermia hypothesis?

A

It does not explain how life started before it came to Earth.

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15
Q

When was the Urey-Miller experiment designed?

A

The 1950’s

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16
Q

What was the Urey-Miller experiment designed to test?

A

The first part of the hypothesis about the origin of life… that the conditions of the primitive Earth could naturally produce the complex molecules necessary for life to start.

17
Q

What did Louis Pasteur’s experiment prove wrong?

A

That life could spontaneously appear.

“Spontaneous regeneration”

18
Q

Refer to Camera roll for the Urey-Miller experiment diagram.

A

Ok

19
Q

Who are the Scientists which designed the Urey-Miller experiment?

A

Harold Urey (Urey) & Stanley Miller (Miller)

20
Q

What did the Urey-Miller experiments produce?

A

Sugars and Amino Acids

AMINO ACIDS ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE.

21
Q

What did the Urey-Miller experiment support?

A

That organic chemicals could have formed spontaneously under the conditions of primitive Earth.

22
Q

When did some cells evolve the ability to make their own food and by which process?

A

3.3 Ga ago

Chemosyntheis

23
Q

What organisms remain anaerobic in today’s Earth?

A

Archaea- A type of single celled, anaerobic bacteria

24
Q

Who does the Urey Miller experiment give us evidence for?

A

That the chemicals necessary for life could have been produced naturally by the chemical conditions of primitive Earth.

25
Q

What is the process called when cells have the ability to their own food from simple chemicals of their environment?

A

Chemosynthesis.

26
Q

Why would the food supply not last if the organic molecules continued to get food from outside sources?

A

They would eventually run out of sources as it would not last forever.

27
Q

What does “Ga” mean?

A

Giga annum

= Billion years

28
Q

What are Archaea?

A

Single celled, anaerobic, bacteria like organisms which live in a variety of extreme environments.

29
Q

What are Archaea capable of making and from what sources?

A

Making their own food from simple inorganic sources e.g. CO2 & H20

30
Q

Where does the energy needed for Archaea yo make their own food come from?

A

Chemical energy

31
Q

What do present day Archaea appear identical to?

A

Very earliest fossils.

32
Q

What is the chemical equation of Photosynthesis?

A

Water + Carbon Dioxide ——> Glucose + Oxygen

33
Q

What converts Carbon dioxide into Oxygen in the photosynthetic process?

A

Light energy from the sun.

34
Q

What is one of the major chemical steps in photosynthesis?

A

Photolysis

35
Q

What is “Photolysis”?

A

The first step in photosynthesis involving the chemical breakup of water into oxygen gas & hydrogen atoms.

36
Q

What green pigment absorbs light energy and uses the energy to split water molecules?

A

Chlorophyll

37
Q

When is the process of Photolysis thought to first have occurred?

A

2.5 Ga ago

Earth & Environmental science (1 decks)

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