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Kane > Earth's place in the Universe test > Flashcards

Earth's place in the Universe test Flashcards

1
Q

Out of the four elements shown above, which one has the highest atomic number? (Diagram in Review Sheet)

A

Element 4

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2
Q

How much of an original sample remains after one half-life? Two half-lives?

A

50% and then 25% after two half-lives.

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3
Q

What elements can be found in a nebula created by a supernova explosion of a high mass star?

A

All of the Elements

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4
Q

Which of the shapes below is most eccentric? (Choices are in the Review Sheet)

A

3 (The more oval it is, the higher the eccentricity, the more circular, the less eccentric it is)

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5
Q

According to the diagram above, what variable has the greatest impact on the life cycle of a star?

A

Mass

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6
Q

What are the life stages of the sun?

A

Protostar, sun, red giant, planetary nebula, and then white dwarf

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7
Q

Where can meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites be found?

A

Meteoroids- Space
Meteors- The atmosphere
Meteorites- On the Ground

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8
Q

How old are most of the meteorites that we find on Earth?

A

4.6 Billion years old

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9
Q

What gets emitted when an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level?

A

Light

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10
Q

What planet in our solar system reflects red light and appears reddish when viewed from the Earth?

A

Mars

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11
Q

When are elements heavier than iron created?

A

In Supernovas

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12
Q

How do the age of meteorites compare to the age of the Earth? Why?

A

Around the same age as the Earth because when the big bang happened the particles in the solar system are around the same age.

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13
Q

What do we call rocky Earth-like planets?

A

Terrestrial planets

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14
Q

What do we call gaseous and icy Jupiter-like planets?

A

Gas Giants/Jovian Planets

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15
Q

How long ago did the big bang occur?

A

13.77 billion years ago

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16
Q

Kepler’s Third Law of planetary motion (P2=A3) describes a relationship between what two variables?

A

Orbital period (P) to average distance (A)

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17
Q

What scientist developed 3 laws of planetary motion?

A

Kepler

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18
Q

What stage of life do all stars experience?

A

Protostar

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19
Q

What orbital shape do all planets follow?

A

Elliptical/Ellipse

20
Q

What do we call the time it takes for half of the nuclei in a sample of a radioactive isotope to decay?

A

Half-Life

21
Q

Which one of the following is NOT one of Kepler’s laws?

A

Review Sheet Answer (B) An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

22
Q

The average distance from the sun to Mars is 1.524 AU. What is its orbital period?

A

1.88 years

23
Q

What process occurs inside stars that convert mass to energy and causes it to “shine”?

A

Nuclear fusion

24
Q

How long ago did the sun form? How long ago did the planets form?

A

Around 4.6 Billion years ago

25
Q

Describe 3 characteristics of the solar system that support the solar nebula concentration theory.

A

Planets revolve and rotate counterclockwise, planets orbit the sun on the same plane.

26
Q

What structure holds 99% of the mass in our solar system?

A

The Sun

27
Q

What atoms were created in the big bang?

A

Hydrogen and Helium

28
Q

Give 3 pieces of information that support the big bang theory.

A

Expansion of Space, CMB, Relative abundance of hydrogen, Redshift of distant galaxies.

29
Q

Give examples of 3 types of objects that are part of our solar system.

A

Planets, comets, the sun, asteroids, and moons

30
Q

What is the most important factor that will determine how long a star will live?

A

Mass - The more mass, the shorter the lifespan, the less mass, the longer the life span is.

31
Q

Imagine you are searching for dense and rocky planets in a newly discovered planetary system. Based on what you know about our solar system, where would you most likely find this type of planet?

A

Close to a Star

32
Q

The half-life of radioactive Carbon-14 is 5730 years. If you have 200 grams of Carbon-14 today, approximately how much will remain 11,460 years later?

A

50 grams (2 half lives)

33
Q

Why can meteorites help us determine the age of the solar system?

A

Because they’re made of the same materials as the materials in the solar system.

34
Q

While in space, astronaut Don Pettit shook a baggie filled with salt grains and noticed that they combined into larger clumps. What idea does this experiment best support?

A

Formation of planets

35
Q

Which of the following is NOT evidence of the solar nebula condensation theory

A

Review Sheet Answer (D) All of the planets orbit the sun in an elliptical shape

36
Q

What is shown in the iconic image above? What event produced this energy? How old is this energy? What caused the wavelength of this energy to change?

A

Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
The Big Bang
13.7 Billion Years
Space Expanded

37
Q

What is the primary source of information scientists use to learn about stars?

A

Light

38
Q

Below is a list of the phases of the formation of the solar system. What is the correct chronological order according to the solar nebula condensation theory?

A

1) Nearby supernova triggers gravitational Collapse of Nebula
2) Onset of nuclear fusion in central protostar
3) Single rotating nebula of gas and dust
4) Stellar wind clears residual gas
5) Accretion of planetesimals into two types of planets: terrestrial and Jovian

39
Q

Where are most stars found on the H-R diagram above?

A

The main sequence

40
Q

Why are there more red than blue stars in the H-R diagram above?

A

Blue stars are bigger and hotter than red stars which means they extinguish faster.

41
Q

According to the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram above, what is the surface temperature and brightness of the sun?

A

4,800 degrees kelvin and has a brightness of 1 solar unit.

42
Q

Why do distant galaxies appear red when viewed from the Hubble space telescope?

A

Because Space is expanding and causes the wavelength to increase

43
Q

Your body contains approximately 7 x 1027 carbon atoms. Where were these atoms created?

A

Stars

44
Q

What is the life span of the sun?

A

10 Billion years

45
Q

Where are atoms heavier than iron created?

A

In supernova explosions

46
Q

Discuss the life cycle of stars and how this cycle can result in the production of elements over time.

A

The universe formed 13.7 billion years ago in the Big Bang, and created all of the hydrogen and helium. The hydrogen and helium creates most of the gas giants and stars, blue stars have a shorter life and burn faster and red stars have longer lives and burns slower.

Kane (1 decks)

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