Earth's minerals and energy resources Flashcards
What is the largest sector for mineral consumption in the US?
Construction metals
What is the second largest sector for mineral consumption in the US?
Industrial minerals
What caused the greatest decrease in US consumption of minerals?
The global financial crisis
Give some examples of everyday items that use minerals
Batteries
Glass
Pots and pans
Electricity cables
Name some of the 10+ minerals used in a mobile phone
Copper
Arsenic silver
Gold
Reycling 1 tonne of mobile phone yields….
The same amount of copper, silver and gold as 1 tonne of gold ore
New energy technologies have led to the increased use of…
The periodic table
What metals and minerals are used in a wind turbine?
Significant amounts of..
Steel
Copper
Fiberglass
Aluminium
Concrete
During the global financial crisis, there was a decrease in the intensity of use of what materials in the US?
Wood
Primary paper
Recycled paper
Primary metals
Recycled metals
The US makes up 4% of the global population but consumes what % of the world’s resources?
30%
How much stone does the average individual in the US consume?
4000kg
How much lead does the average individual in the US consume?
5kg
How much coal does the average individual in the US consume?
2000kg
Typically as production increases, what decreases?
Price
But not from 2005, price is increasing
What happened to copper mining during COVID-19?
The most dramatic decrease in history
Price of copper increases as production costs increase
Mines that are the most expensive to fund, produce the most copper still
What happens to the world’s demand for metal every 20-30 years?
It doubles
How much relative copper will be mined over the next 26 years?
More copper that has been mined in all of history
What is happening to demands for mines?
Average ore grades are decreasing while mine development times are increasing
How much cobalt and LCE is required for a cobalt battery for a battery electric vehicle?
6.6kg of cobalt
8.4kg of LCE
How much more copper does an electric battery vehicle require compared to a conventional car?
Conventional car 9-25kg
Electric car- 90kg
How much cobalt would be needed to turn all current UK vehicles into electric ones?
The annual cobalt needs of the European industry
