Earth's Changing Surface Flashcards
factors that decide the speed of weathering
- Material strength and structure
- Temperature and Humidity
- Soil Type
is weathering destructive of constructive
destructive
what are the two types of weathering
mechanical and chemical
list examples of mechanical weathering
•growing plants
•burrowing animals
•freeze/thaw cycle of water
*also a physical change
list examples of chemical weathering
•oxidation(oxygen and water combine to form rust)
• acid rain
• plant acid
*also is a chemical process
What is erosion
a process that moves sediment from one place to another
what are the 4 agents of erosion
- erosion by water(stream, rain drop, wave erosion)
- erosion by wind
- erosion by glaciers
- erosion by gravity
what is deposition
the laying down of sediments that have eroded
what are the formations caused by deposition
- deltas and alluvial fans
- floodplains
- meanders and oxbow lakes
what is a delta and alluvial fan
a fan shaped deposit at the mouths(end) of stream
what is a floodplain
level strips of land on the sides of a river made of sediments are deposited during flooding
what is a meander and oxbow lake
- meander is a bend in a river
* oxbow lake- a meander that gets cut off from the river
in which climate zone on earth would have the slowest rate of weathering A-tundra B-deciduous forest C-Desert D-tropical rain forest
A-tundra
what is a topographic map
a two dimensional model of the earths surface
*aka a contour map
what is a contour line
connects points of equal elevation
what do topographic maps show
elevation and the shape of the land
what is the relief
the difference between high and low elevations
what is the contour interval
the difference in elevation between each line.
* the difference must be the same between ALL lines
how can you tell where a steep slope is
the closer the contour lines are is the steeper slope
what is a benchmark
a location whose exact elevation is known and is noted and are marked with an X and a BM written next to them
what is a map scale
something that indicates the distance on the map compared to the distance of the real world
what are the rules of contours
• contour lines never cross
• contours form closed loops even if not shown on the map
• contours bend upstream (uphill) when crossing a stream
•the maximum possible elevation for a hill is ___
less than what the next contour should be
how can you tell a line is the index contour
usually every 5th line is printed darker and has an elevation printed on it
how can you tell there is a depression, crater, or sinkhole on the map
this is shown by dashed lines on the inside of a contour line
