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Chemistry > Earth's atmosphere > Flashcards

Earth's atmosphere Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the composition of gasses in Earth’s current atmosphere?

A

78% N
21% O2
0.9% Ar
0.04% CO2
0.06% Other

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2
Q

What was the composition of gasses in Earth’s early atmosphere?

A

95% CO2
4% water vapour
Trace % N, CH4, NH3

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3
Q

How has the level of water vapour decreased in Earth’s atmosphere?

A

Earth cooled down so water vapour condensed + formed oceans

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4
Q

How has the level of CO2 decreased in Earth’s atmosphere?

A

It was dissolved in oceans, trapped in sedimentary rock, absorbed during photosynthesis

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5
Q

How was the level of O2 increased in Earth’s atmosphere?

A

It was produced during photosynthesis

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6
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

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7
Q

What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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8
Q

What are the three greenhouse gasses?

A

Water vapour, CO2, CH4

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9
Q

Why are greenhouse gasses important?

A

They maintain temperatures high enough to support life

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10
Q

What is the greenhouse effect?

A

Sun emits shortwave radiation which passes through atmosphere to Earth, Earth absorbs shortwave radiation, Earth re-emits longwave radiation, greenhouse gases absorb longwave radiation, greenhouse gasses re-radiate longwave radiation in all directions, Earth heats up

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11
Q

What human activities increase % of CO2 in Earth’s atmosphere + why?

A

Burning fossil fuels to produce electricity + fuel releases CO2
Deforestation reduces amount of CO2 that gets absorbed by trees

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12
Q

What human activities increase % of CH4 in Earth’s atmosphere + why?

A

Decomposing waste in landfill produces methane
Cattle farming as cows release methane
Rice farming as bacteria in rice fields release methane

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13
Q

What is the relationship between greenhouse gases + global temperatures?

A

Global temperatures increase as greenhouse gasses in atmosphere increase

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14
Q

What is complete combustion?

A

Combustion with enough O2

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15
Q

What is incomplete combustion?

A

Combustion without enough O2

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16
Q

What is the word equation for complete combustion?

A

Fuel + oxygen -> carbondioxide + water

17
Q

What is the symbol equation for complete combustion?

A

Fuel + 3O2 -> 2CO2 + 3H2O

18
Q

What is the word equation for incomplete combustion?

A

Fuel + oxygen -> carbonmonoxide + carbon + water vapour

19
Q

What is the symbol equation for incomplete combustion?

A

Fuel + 3O2 -> 2CO + C +4H2O

20
Q

What is carbon footprint?

A

Total amount of greenhouse gases emitted over the full life cycle of a product, service or event

21
Q

What are some potential affects of climate change?

A

Rising sea levels as ice caps melt, more frequent extreme weather events, changes in distribution of species, loss of species/habitat, crop instability as rainfall patterns change

22
Q

How can we reduce C emissions?

A

Increase renewable energy sources, make electrical devices more energy efficient, use C neutral fuels, use C capture + storage technology

23
Q

How is SO2 formed?

A

S reacts with O2 during combustion

24
Q

How is CO + soot formed?

A

Incomplete combustion

25
Q

How is NOx formed?

A

N reacts with O2 from the air at high temperatures

26
Q

What problems does SO2 cause?

A

Acid rain

27
Q

What problems does NOx cause?

A

Acid rain, smog

28
Q

What problems does C cause?

A

Lung irritation, global dimming

29
Q

What problems does CO cause?

A

Health problems as it binds to hemoglobin

Chemistry (2 decks)

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