Earth Processes Flashcards
What are the two types of Earth processes
Exogenic processes and Endogenic processes
It is responsible for most of the changes we see on the surface of the earth
Exogenic Processes
These are geological processes that occur beneath the surface of the earth
Endogenic Processes
What are the different Exogenic processes?
A. Mass Wasting
B. Weathering
C. Erosion
D. Sedimentation
Mass Wasting
It is the downslope movement of rock, soil and other debris due to the influence of gravity.
Weathering
It is a process which is the breaking down of rocks physically or chemically
Erosion
The process in which rocks and sediments are picked up and moved to another place by ice, water, wind and gravity.
Sedimentation
The process in which a material is carried to the bottom of bodies of water and forms solid
What are the seven classifications of Mass wasting?
- Slump
- Solifluction
- Earthflow
- Mudflow
- Debris slide
- Rock flow
- Soil creep
What are the two types of mass wasting processes?
- Rapid mass wasting
2. Slow mass wasting
What is slump?
Results in the sliding of coherent rock materials along a curved surface.
What is Solifluction?
Is the slow downhill flow of soil
What is Earthflow?
A downslope viscous flow of fine-grained materials that have been saturated with water and moves under the pull of gravity.
What is Mudflow?
It that occurs when mud travels down a slope very quickly.
Debris Slide
The type of slide which has a chaotic movement of rain of rocks, soil and debris that are mixed with water or ice.
Rockflow
A type of mass wasting that occurs when pieces of rock break loose from a steep rock cliff.
Soil creep
Is a slow gradual movement of soil downhill over time.
What are the factors that affect mass wasting?
- Water
- Earthquake
- Over-steepened slope
- Vegetational removal
Physical weathering
A type of weathering where rocks are physically broken into smaller units.
Chemical weathering
The process of breaking down rocks through changes
Factors that affect physical weathering
- Ice wedging
- Release of pressure
- Growth of plants
- Animals
- Abrasion
Factors that affect Chemical weathering
- Water
- Oxygen
- Carbon Dioxide
- Living Organisms
- Acid rain
What are the four types of Erosion
- Erosion by water
- Erosion by ice
- Erosion by wind
- Erosion by gravity
Erosion by water
It changes the shape of coastlines
Erosion by Ice
They erode the land
Erosion by wind
carries dust, sand and volcanic ash from one place to another.
Erosion by gravity
It pulls any loose bits down the slide of a hill or mountain
What are the main types of Endogenic processes
- Folding
- Faulting
- Volcanism
- Metamorphism
- Earthquake
The process by which folds are formed due to the compression of forces
Folding
What is faulting?
The fracturing and displacement of brittle rocks along a fault plane cause by tension or compression
What are the types of Faulting
Normal fault
Reverse fault
Tear fault
The forces within the earth that causes the ground to move
Endogenic forces
