Earth -Plate Tectonics Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was continental drift proposed by?

A

Independently by Alfred Wegener and Frank Taylor

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2
Q

What was continental drift originally based on?

A

Rare fossils, American-European-African contnents and mountain belts fitting together.

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3
Q

What is the flow of mantle convective currents?

A

Upward moving arms reach the lithosphere, move along it, cooling as they go, eventually sinking back to the interior

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4
Q

Paleomagnetism

A

This studies ancient mole positions, using remanant magnetization to reconstructs direction and strength of geomagnetic field in the past.

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5
Q

How do underwater volcanoes form?

A

Upward currents penetrate the lithosphere

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6
Q

What is the basis of paleomagnetism?

A

Iron oxide in igneous rocks which is highly magnetic

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7
Q

Curie point

A

This is the temperature a material loses its ferroelectric and piezoelectric behaviour

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8
Q

Ferroelectric

A

Materials exhibiting spontaneous electrical polarisations, switchable by external electric fields.

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9
Q

Piezoelectric

A

Materials developing electric charges in response to applied mechanical stress respectively.

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10
Q

How does paleomagnetism infer past magnetic fields?

A

Magnetite in erupted lava, cooled to the curie point, are fixed to their orientation towards Earths magnetic field.

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11
Q

Earth magnetic field fluctiation

A

It reverses every 70 million years, a north-point compass would point south bound 70 million years ago

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12
Q

Divergent Plate Boundaries

A

Effusive basaltic volcanism where new crusts are formed

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13
Q

Convergent Plate Boundaries

A

This is where lithosphere is overriden bty another, pushed into the asthenosphere in subduction

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14
Q

Example of Divergent and Convergent structures

A

San Andreas fault and Alps and Himalayas respsectively

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15
Q

What causes tectonic plate movement?

A

Convection cells, where deep heat is brought from core to the Earth surface

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16
Q

Mid-Ocean Ridges

A

These are the centres where the lithosphere is created.

17
Q

Transform Faults

A

A plate boundary where relative motion between two plates is parallel, sliding against one another.

18
Q

What results from divergent plate boundaries?

A

Rift zones and transform faults

19
Q

What result from convergent plate boundaries?

A

Subduction and Volcanism
Mountain building
Hot spots