Earth part 2 Flashcards
What is the difference between renewable and non renewable energy
Renewable energy is a source that replenish’s naturally and won’t run out vs non renewable energy is a source that will run out.
What is natural energy?
A renewable, natural energy source or power
What is energy?
The capacity to produce change
What are some non renewable energy sources?
Fossil energy and Nuclear energy
What is fossil energy?
Fossil energy is usually trapped in sedentary rocks either on continents or oceans. It turns organic matter into mineral substances and takes a very long time. They eventually become coal, oil, or natural gas.
What is nuclear energy?
Naturally releases radioactivity in form of high energy rays, (uranium)
Used to generate electricity in nuclear reactors
What are some renewable energy sources?
Solar, Biomass, wind, hydraulic, and geothermal
What is Hydraulic energy
Hydronic energy comes from movement of waters And turbines on dams turn the hydraulic power of water currents into electricity. Called tidal energy
What is wind energy?
When wind turbines transform wind energy into electricity, gases or fluids flow through the moving turbines generating power.
What is biomass energy?
Plants get their energy from the suns rays directly using photosynthesis. Biomass describes all living matter that can become a source of energy ex. Wood animal waste trees and plants
What is geothermal energy?
When Manama rises to earths surface and water travels to the earths interior
What is wind?
The movement caused by earths rotation
What is the creation of wind?
Solar energy INCREASES the temperature of the air
What are the 3 types of clouds?
Cirrus Stratus and Cumulus
Describe a Cirrus cloud.
- long and wispy
- show weather is likely to change
- 7000 m -10000m above sea level
Describe Stratus clouds.
-Low hanging clouds
-Thick layer (few hundred meters)
- They make mist or snow
—flat and longish
Describe cumulus clouds
-visible during nice weather
- thick with well defined boarders
-look like heads of cauliflower
Remember: cumulus cauliflower
What are CUMULONIMBUS clouds?
They are a storm cloud
Large flat tops
Storms happen with these clouds get to big
They produce lightning, thunder, heavy rain, hail or strong winds or tornadoes
REMEMBER: CumulonimBUS a bus has metal like an anvil from cartoons
What are tornadoes?
Funnel shaped colon of air that swirls very fast
Reach up to 480km/h (centre)
Tornadoes wind are the fastest on plant earth
Tornadoes form under giant storms
Diameter few metres to 800m
Mostly happens in US
What are hurricanes?
Also known as cyclones or typhoons are giant funnel shaped storms with extremely violent winds
Forms of either sides of equator
Storms start to rotate together and form tropical storms than when they reach 119km/h they are called hurricanes
What is soil and how is it formed?
Loose layer on the earths crust found above a parent rock and almost all soil contains organic matter.
They are created when parent rocks wear away because of EROSION by wind and water.
What is humus?
Surface layer of soil that contains lots of organic matter it easily soaks up and retains water and forests usually have lots of humus, it’s a dark colour
What are the 4 classifications of soil?
Clay sand gravel and loam
What is clay soil?
Made mostly of clay and particles stay stuck together little space for air and is the SMALLEST SOIL MATERIAL (less that 0.002mm) Soaks up water VERY EASILY
What is loamy soil?
Made mostly of loam and particles stick together but crumble into small pieces when disturbed.
Particles are slightly larger than clay (between 0.002-0.05mm) air and water can easily get around particles
What is Sandy soil
Mostly made of sand
Particles DONT stick together
Slip through fingers easily and larger than both clay and loam (between 0.05- 2mm)
doesn’t hold water but let’s it pass through easily
NOT good for growing plants
Gravel
Contains the largest soil particles (larger that 2mm)
What soil is best for agriculture
A mixture of clay, loam, and sand with lots of organic matter
What rock is the only one that forms crystals?
Igneous rocks
What is a rock?
A mixture of minerals found on earths lithosphere
How are igneous rocks foamed?
Most common rock
Formed by cooled magma or lava
What is pumice? (Igneous rock)
A porous igneous rock that was lava that cooled when being shot in the air-floats on water due to its density
What is an extrusive IGNEOUS ROCK
When they are formed of the earths surface and looks glassy or fine grained
What’s an intrusive igneous rock?
Formed inside the lithosphere when Manama rises but doesn’t reach earths surface
What is sedentary rock
Created when sediments gradually accumulate on top of each other, bottom of water is where they are formed
What’s classic and chemical sedimentary rocks
Classic- formed through the accumulation of debris
Chemical- formed through precipitation of substances in the water
What are metamorphic rock?
Formed due to heat or pressure in the lithosphere
What is contact metamorphism and regional
Regional- due to movement in tectonic plates
Contact- when one rocks comes into contact with magma
What are the characteristics of minerals
Luster Color of a solid Streak Color Hardness Magnetism Effervescence
What is luster
If a mineral is metallic or non metallic and how the mineral reflects light
Metallic- mineral shines like metal or jewelry
Non metallic- pearly glassy or oily
Color of a solid
Experts break a rock in half or you just look at the mineral
Streak Color
When a mineral is rubbed against non enamelled ceramic
Hardness
The resistance of a mineral to scratching
Mosh hardness scale
What is Magnetism
Put a magnet on the rock and see or put a compass and looks if the arrow follows the rock or moves at all
What is Effervescence
How a mineral reacts with acid- if it forms bubbles
What is Crystal shape
Crystals can be helped to identify minerals shaped like polyhedral .
