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Science Sec 2 > Earth part 2 > Flashcards

Earth part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between renewable and non renewable energy

A

Renewable energy is a source that replenish’s naturally and won’t run out vs non renewable energy is a source that will run out.

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2
Q

What is natural energy?

A

A renewable, natural energy source or power

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3
Q

What is energy?

A

The capacity to produce change

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4
Q

What are some non renewable energy sources?

A

Fossil energy and Nuclear energy

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5
Q

What is fossil energy?

A

Fossil energy is usually trapped in sedentary rocks either on continents or oceans. It turns organic matter into mineral substances and takes a very long time. They eventually become coal, oil, or natural gas.

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6
Q

What is nuclear energy?

A

Naturally releases radioactivity in form of high energy rays, (uranium)
Used to generate electricity in nuclear reactors

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7
Q

What are some renewable energy sources?

A

Solar, Biomass, wind, hydraulic, and geothermal

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8
Q

What is Hydraulic energy

A

Hydronic energy comes from movement of waters And turbines on dams turn the hydraulic power of water currents into electricity. Called tidal energy

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9
Q

What is wind energy?

A

When wind turbines transform wind energy into electricity, gases or fluids flow through the moving turbines generating power.

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10
Q

What is biomass energy?

A

Plants get their energy from the suns rays directly using photosynthesis. Biomass describes all living matter that can become a source of energy ex. Wood animal waste trees and plants

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11
Q

What is geothermal energy?

A

When Manama rises to earths surface and water travels to the earths interior

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12
Q

What is wind?

A

The movement caused by earths rotation

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13
Q

What is the creation of wind?

A

Solar energy INCREASES the temperature of the air

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14
Q

What are the 3 types of clouds?

A

Cirrus Stratus and Cumulus

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15
Q

Describe a Cirrus cloud.

A
  • long and wispy
  • show weather is likely to change
  • 7000 m -10000m above sea level
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16
Q

Describe Stratus clouds.

A

-Low hanging clouds
-Thick layer (few hundred meters)
- They make mist or snow
—flat and longish

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17
Q

Describe cumulus clouds

A

-visible during nice weather
- thick with well defined boarders
-look like heads of cauliflower
Remember: cumulus cauliflower

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18
Q

What are CUMULONIMBUS clouds?

A

They are a storm cloud
Large flat tops
Storms happen with these clouds get to big
They produce lightning, thunder, heavy rain, hail or strong winds or tornadoes

REMEMBER: CumulonimBUS a bus has metal like an anvil from cartoons

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19
Q

What are tornadoes?

A

Funnel shaped colon of air that swirls very fast
Reach up to 480km/h (centre)
Tornadoes wind are the fastest on plant earth
Tornadoes form under giant storms
Diameter few metres to 800m
Mostly happens in US

20
Q

What are hurricanes?

A

Also known as cyclones or typhoons are giant funnel shaped storms with extremely violent winds
Forms of either sides of equator
Storms start to rotate together and form tropical storms than when they reach 119km/h they are called hurricanes

21
Q

What is soil and how is it formed?

A

Loose layer on the earths crust found above a parent rock and almost all soil contains organic matter.
They are created when parent rocks wear away because of EROSION by wind and water.

22
Q

What is humus?

A

Surface layer of soil that contains lots of organic matter it easily soaks up and retains water and forests usually have lots of humus, it’s a dark colour

23
Q

What are the 4 classifications of soil?

A

Clay sand gravel and loam

24
Q

What is clay soil?

A

Made mostly of clay and particles stay stuck together little space for air and is the SMALLEST SOIL MATERIAL (less that 0.002mm) Soaks up water VERY EASILY

25
Q

What is loamy soil?

A

Made mostly of loam and particles stick together but crumble into small pieces when disturbed.
Particles are slightly larger than clay (between 0.002-0.05mm) air and water can easily get around particles

26
Q

What is Sandy soil

A

Mostly made of sand
Particles DONT stick together
Slip through fingers easily and larger than both clay and loam (between 0.05- 2mm)
doesn’t hold water but let’s it pass through easily
NOT good for growing plants

27
Q

Gravel

A

Contains the largest soil particles (larger that 2mm)

28
Q

What soil is best for agriculture

A

A mixture of clay, loam, and sand with lots of organic matter

29
Q

What rock is the only one that forms crystals?

A

Igneous rocks

30
Q

What is a rock?

A

A mixture of minerals found on earths lithosphere

31
Q

How are igneous rocks foamed?

A

Most common rock

Formed by cooled magma or lava

32
Q

What is pumice? (Igneous rock)

A

A porous igneous rock that was lava that cooled when being shot in the air-floats on water due to its density

33
Q

What is an extrusive IGNEOUS ROCK

A

When they are formed of the earths surface and looks glassy or fine grained

34
Q

What’s an intrusive igneous rock?

A

Formed inside the lithosphere when Manama rises but doesn’t reach earths surface

35
Q

What is sedentary rock

A

Created when sediments gradually accumulate on top of each other, bottom of water is where they are formed

36
Q

What’s classic and chemical sedimentary rocks

A

Classic- formed through the accumulation of debris

Chemical- formed through precipitation of substances in the water

37
Q

What are metamorphic rock?

A

Formed due to heat or pressure in the lithosphere

38
Q

What is contact metamorphism and regional

A

Regional- due to movement in tectonic plates

Contact- when one rocks comes into contact with magma

39
Q

What are the characteristics of minerals

A 
Luster
Color of a solid
Streak Color 
Hardness
Magnetism 
Effervescence
40
Q

What is luster

A

If a mineral is metallic or non metallic and how the mineral reflects light

Metallic- mineral shines like metal or jewelry
Non metallic- pearly glassy or oily

41
Q

Color of a solid

A

Experts break a rock in half or you just look at the mineral

42
Q

Streak Color

A

When a mineral is rubbed against non enamelled ceramic

43
Q

Hardness

A

The resistance of a mineral to scratching

Mosh hardness scale

44
Q

What is Magnetism

A

Put a magnet on the rock and see or put a compass and looks if the arrow follows the rock or moves at all

45
Q

What is Effervescence

A

How a mineral reacts with acid- if it forms bubbles

46
Q

What is Crystal shape

A

Crystals can be helped to identify minerals shaped like polyhedral .

Science Sec 2 (3 decks)

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