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Earth And Life Science > Earth Material And Processes:Mineral And Rocks > Flashcards

Earth Material And Processes:Mineral And Rocks Flashcards

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1
Q

Are the building block of rocks

A

Mineral

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2
Q

•The are — naturally occurring minerals.
•about—- are discovered each year

A

•4000
•60-80

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3
Q

Example of minerals

A

•talc
•gypsum
•calcite
•flourite
•apatite
•orthoclase
•quartz
•topaz
•diamond
•corrumdum

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4
Q

A person who studies the formation, occurrence,properties,composition and classification of minerals

A

Mineralogist

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5
Q

Term which identifies minerals as part of earth natural process

A

Naturally occurring

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6
Q

Means a substance is not a product of an organism

A

Inorganic

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7
Q

Minerals should have definite volume and rigid shape

A

Homogeneous solid

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8
Q

Represented by chemical formula

A

Chemical composition

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9
Q

Atoms are arrange in orderly and repeating patterns

A

Crystalline structure

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10
Q

Minerals color may change depending on the surface

A

Color

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11
Q

Color of minerals in powdered form

A

Streak

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12
Q

Minerals resistance to scratching

A

Hardness

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13
Q

A German mineralogist born on Jan 29 1773

A

Friedrich mohs

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14
Q

1812 mohs hardness scale was made

A

A fact

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15
Q

Then in 1822 mohs hardness scale was introduced

A

A fact

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16
Q

Minerals resistance to being broken and fracture

A

Cleavage

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17
Q

Ability to allow light to pass through it this is affected by chemical makeup of the mineral sample

A

Diaphaneity

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18
Q

How light is reflected off a surface

A

Luster

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19
Q

Describes the mineral reaction to stress

A

Tenacity

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20
Q

Naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals

A

Rocks

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21
Q

Scientific study of rocks

A

Petrology

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22
Q

A person who study and classify rocks

A

Petrology

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23
Q

Formed from hardening and crystallization of magma or molten material that originates deep within the earth

A

Igneous

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24
Q

•Froms when magma makes its way to earth’s surface as lava and then cools.
•crystals are very small cause cooling process is fast

A

Extrusive/volcanic rock

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25
Q

•It cools slowly beneath the earth surface and are created by magma
•intrusive have very large crytals

A

Intrusive/plutonic

26
Q

It’s refers to rocks mineral and chemical makeup

A

Composition

27
Q

Igneous rocks that are light in color

A

Felsic

28
Q

Dark colored igneous rocks made up of magnesium, calcium and iron

A

Mafic

29
Q

Refers to igneous rocks between mafic and felsic composition

A

Intermediate

30
Q

Denotes igenous rock that composed chiefly of mafic materials

A

Ultramafic

31
Q

Overall appearance of a rock based on size shape and arrangement of interlocking mineral crystals

A

Texture

32
Q

Fine grained rocks with crystals seen by aid of microscope

A

Aphanistic

33
Q

Coarse grained rocks

A

Phaneritic

34
Q

Large crystal with small crystal

A

Porhyritic

35
Q

A rock that looks like colored glass with no visible mineral crystal

A

Glassy

36
Q

Results from explosive fragmentation of volcanic mineral

A

Pyroclastic

37
Q

Examples of igenous rocks

A

•Obsidian
•diabase
•gabbro
•basalt
•granite

38
Q

Forms from pre-existing rocks

A

Metamorphic

39
Q

Transformation of of one rock type into another

A

Metamorphism

40
Q

•Due to changes in pressure and temperature
•it may happen when rock is burried

A

Regional

41
Q

The rock minerals and textures are changed mainly by heat due to contact with magma

A

Contact

42
Q

Refers to the arrangement and grain within the rocks

A

Texture

43
Q

Any planar arrangement of mineral grains or structural features within the rocks

A

Foliation

44
Q

Can be arrange In terms of increasing metamorphism and it appeared layered or banded with compressed mineral grain

A

Foliated rocks

45
Q

Usually made up of only few minerals

A

Non-foliated rocks

46
Q

Examples of metamorphic rocks

A

•marble
•soapstone
•skarn
•anthracite
•mariposite

47
Q

Provide information about surface condition that existed in the earth past

A

Sedimentary rocks

48
Q

Due to increase pressure of layered sediments it bind together to form the sedimentary rocks

A

Compactions

49
Q

Formed from accumulation of clast little pieces of broken rocks and shells

A

Clastic sedimentary rocks

50
Q

Examples of clastic sedimentary rocks

A

•sandstone
•breccia
•conglomerate

51
Q

Formed when dissolved minerals precipitate from a solution

A

Chemical

52
Q

Formed when body of seawater becomes closed and evaporate

A

Halite

53
Q

Rocks formed from the accumulation of animal debris

A

Organic

54
Q

Composed of organic matter in the forms of plants fragment

A

Coal

55
Q

Examples of sedimentary rocks

A

•chalk
•coal
•ironstone
•shale
•chert

56
Q

Characteristics of minerals?

A

•naturally occurring
•inorganic
•homogeneous solid
•chemical composition
•crystalline structure

57
Q

Properties of minerals?

A

•color
•streak
•hardness
•cleavage
•diaphaneity
•luster
•tenacity

58
Q

Three types of rocks?

A

•igeneous rocks
•metamorphic rocks
•sedimentary rocks

59
Q

Two types of igeneous rocks

A

•extrusive
•intrusive

60
Q

Igeneous rocks are classified based on?

A

•1.composition
•felsic
•mafic
•intermediate
•ultramafic
•2.texture
•aphanistic
•phaneritic
•porphyritic
•glassy
•pyroclastic

Earth And Life Science (2 decks)

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