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Physics > Earth In Space > Flashcards

Earth In Space Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 8 planets and what is their order?

A

-Mercury
-Venus
-Earth
-Mars
-Jupiter
-Saturn
-Uranus
-Neptune

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2
Q

When do we get an eclipse?

A

When the shadow of the moon falls on the Earth.

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3
Q

Why do planets orbit the sun?

A

Due to the force of gravity between the sun and the planets.

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4
Q

What is the solar system?

A

The system of objects which are controlled by the sun.
A star and all objects that orbit the

star.

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5
Q

What does the solar system consist of?

A

-a star called sol
-8 planets and their satellites
-Asteroids
-Comets
-Dwarf planets (3 that we know of)

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6
Q

How can you remember the order of the planets?

A

My Very Educated Mother Just Serves Us Noodles

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7
Q

What does a planet also do when it orbits the sun?

A

It spins on its axis.

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8
Q

What is a day?

A

The time it takes a planet to spin once on its axis.

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9
Q

How long is a day on Earth?

A

24 hours

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10
Q

How long is a day on Venus?

A

243 Earth days

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11
Q

How long is a day on Jupiter?

A

11 hours

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12
Q

Why were months introduced?

A

To follow the cycle of the moon.

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13
Q

How many days does it take the moon to circulate the Earth?

A

27.3 earth days

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14
Q

How many cycles of the moon are there in one earth year?

A

13.4

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15
Q

At least once a year one month will have how many full moons.

A

2 full moons
Called blue moons

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16
Q

What is a year?

A

The time it takes for a planet to orbit the sun once.

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17
Q

How long is a year on Earth?

A

365.25 days

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18
Q

Do all planets have the same length of years?

A

No, the further from the sun the planet is, the longer the planets year is because it has to travel a bigger distance.

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19
Q

How long does a year last on Venus?

A

225 earth days

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20
Q

How long does a year last on Jupiter?

A

12 Earth years

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21
Q

What degrees does the earths axis tilts on?

A

23.4 degrees

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22
Q

Why do we experience summer?

A

In June the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, so it gets more heat energy from the sun and it’s lighter for a longer time. The northern hemisphere experiences summer.

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23
Q

Why do we experience winter?

A

In December the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, so it gets less heat energy from the sun and it’s lighter for a shorter time. The northern hemisphere experiences winter.

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24
Q

What are the characteristics of summer?

A

-The sun appears earlier
-The sun is higher in the sky
-The sun disappears later

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25
Q

What are the characteristics of winter?

A

-The sun appears later
-The sun is lower in the sky
-The sun disappears earlier

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26
Q

Why do we get well defined shadows when it is a sunny day?

A

Because sunlight travels in straight lines.

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27
Q

Why do shadows get shorter from morning to mid-day?

A

The sun rises in the sky and is more directly ahead.

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28
Q

What would happen to the length of the shadow in the afternoon?

A

It gets longer.

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29
Q

What is the life cycle of a star?

A

Stellar Nebulae
-Low mass star/high mass star
-red giant/red supergiant
-planetary nebula/supernova
-white dwarf/black hole or neutron star
-black dwarf

30
Q

What is the stellar nebulae?

A

-big area of gas and dust
-birthplace of stars

31
Q

What is a low mass star?

A

-coalesced from a cloud of gas
-also known as a main sequence star
-our sun
-longest most stable period of a stars life
-nuclear powerhouse
-converts hydrogen to helium in its core to produce heat and light

32
Q

What is a red giant?

A

When a star dies it cools, expands and becomes less bright forming a red giant.
-No hydrogen or helium fuel

33
Q

What is a planetary nebula?

A

At the end of a red giants life the outer layers of it drift into spaces, leaving a planetary nebula
-gas and dust

34
Q

What is a white dwarf?

A

-a dead star
- in the centre of a planetary nebula
-remains a hot dense star

35
Q

What is a black dwarf?

A

-a white dwarf cooled down
-none exist yet
-no heat or light

36
Q

What is a high mass star?

A

-4x the mass of our sun
-lives 600 million years
-burns hydrogen faster so lives shorter lives

37
Q

What is a red supergiant?

A

-is what happens to a high mass star when all the hydrogen is used up
-the largest star in volume in the universe
-temperature 3500-4500 cold

38
Q

What is a supernova?

A

The death of a large star
-the event creates a big bang which is very bright
-10 billion kelvin in temperature
-most violent thing that occurs in our universe

39
Q

What is a black hole?

A

-gravitational force so big not even light can escape it
- once a star dies it is created

40
Q

What is a neutron star?

A

It is created if the core of a supernova is less than 2.5 solar masses compressed like a giant atomic nucleus.

41
Q

What are black holes?

A

Massive concentrations of matter packed into small spaces

42
Q

What do black holes do?

A

-recycle stuff in space
-they are very dense and have a big gravitational force so it sucks things in and crushes it

43
Q

How are black holes made?

A

After a star dies,(no fusion left) and after a supernova a black hole is created.

44
Q

How do we know black holes are there?

A

Because of the light behind them that are actually galaxies and gravitational lensing

45
Q

What are galaxies?

A

A collection of dust and gas and stars

46
Q

What types of galaxies are there?

A

-spiral
-elliptical
-irregular

47
Q

What is the name of our galaxy?

A

The milky way

48
Q

What is the type and size of our galaxy?

A

-the black hole in the middle has a radius of 52,850
-the spiral 100,000 light years across
-spiral galaxy

49
Q

What does the term ‘red shift’ mean?

A

the frequency of the light when it moves away from us towards us its blue shift is streched out.

50
Q

What does red shift of light from a star tell us about the star?

A

The further from us a star is, the more its light is red-shifted. This tells us that distant galaxies are moving away from us, and that the further away a galaxy is, the faster it’s moving away.

51
Q

What is the Big Bang theory?

A

The universe expanding proven by red shift, how it began.

52
Q

What evidence is there that supports the the big bang theory?

A

CMBR- Something astronomers have also discovered, it’s also known as cosmic microwave radiation. And it is the remaining radiation from the big bang
% of hydrogen and helium in the universe

53
Q

What are the types of telescope for visible light

A

Refractor Telescope= 2 lenses
Reflector Telescope= uses mirror

54
Q

What is the distance that light travels in a year?

A

A light year is USED AS A UNIT OF DISTANCE FOR OBJECTS THAT ARE
VERY FAR AWAY. IT IS THE DISTANCE LIGHT TRAVELS IN ONE YEAR,
WHICH IS 9,460,800,000,000,000 METRES.

55
Q

What are the advantages of having earth bases telescopes?

A

-relatively cheap to build
-easy to fix if they break
-lots of people can use them easily

56
Q

What are the disadvantages of having earth bases telescopes?

A

-inteferes with light coming in
-weather = low visibility
-only can be used at night

57
Q

What are the advantages of having telescopes in orbit?

A

-in space you can see the whole magnetic spectrum (light)

58
Q

What are the disadvantages of having telescopes in orbit?

A
  • very expensive mirrors
    -can shrink and blur images
    -they’re hard to repair
59
Q

Which 3 bodies in the solar system have been visited the most?

A

Moon
Mars
Venus

60
Q

Why do you think the Moon, Mars and Venus have been visited the most?

A

they’re closest/easiest to get too

61
Q

Why has mercury only had 2 successful probe?

A

Because it is too close to the sun so it’s too hot.

62
Q

Approximate number of people that have been in space?

A

553

63
Q

Number of countries that have had citizens in space?

A

37

64
Q

Longest total time in days one person has spent in space?

A

878 days

65
Q

Cumulative time spent completing spacewalks?

A

100 days

66
Q

Approximate time taken by Apollo 11 to reach the Moon?

A

3 days

67
Q

Number of people that have left Earth’s orbit?

A

24

68
Q

Number of people that have walked on the Moon?

A

12

69
Q

Number of people killed during or training for space
flights?

A

22

70
Q

What must you have when going to space?

A

AN OXYGEN SUPPLY
A WATER SUPPLY
A FOOD SUPPLY
A POWER SUPPLY
A SYSTEM FOR SANITATION
HOW TO KEEP FIT IN LOWER/ZERO GRAVITY

71
Q

What is gravity?

A

The force that keeps the planets orbiting the Sun.

72
Q

What is the distance light travels in one year known as?

A

A light year

Physics (1 decks)

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