Earth History Global Change Flashcards
What is the law superposition
It was founded by steno and the 1600s relative dating is placing dates on things in relation to each other
rocks tend to be older on the bottom and younger on the top
each rock layer is older than the one above it and younger then the one below it
How do scientists use the principle of super position to identify the relative age of surface features or rock layers
Scientist use the principle a superposition to identify the relative age of the surface features a rock layers by identifying where the rocks are located it states each layer is older Dando one above it and younger than the one below it
What is the principle of original horizontally
Layers of rock originally lay horizontally when they form
They can be uplifted and turned in other directions
What is the principle of crosscutting relationships
In order for intrusion two separate a rock layer the rock layer must have been there already
What are you inclusions
Pieces of a Rockback are contained with in another rock or it is included. The rock unit containing the inclusion must be the younger rock
Unconformities
Unconformities is a period when deposition stopped erosion removed some rock and deposition resumed
Angular unconformity is when deposition pauses the rocks bet tilted and eroded
How do you sciences selecting appropriate method to determine the age of a rock
They used half-lives
Identify a technique used by July just to identify the age of events in Earth’s history
They used timescales because the pass is so big and great
Explain how global temperature change may affect sea level
When the ice melts sea level increase ice melts when it is hot
What are the physical properties to identify rocks
Size of grain shape of grain and pattern of the grain
Explain how you Rosian affects the rock cycle
Erosion turns into metamorphic and igneous rocks to sedimentary rocks
What elements are most commonly found in minerals
Definite chemical composition this means there are parts of different elements in minerals
Describe how igneous rock with a large grain size form on earth
Rocks with large grain size form inside first surface itis called intrusive from
Describe how you can use a table to identify the hardness of different materials
The harder the rock the higher the number which is 10 and it is not that hard number is low (1) you can test in the rock is hard by scratching it on glass it makes a scratch hardest level is greater than five
How does an igneous rock form intrusive and extrusive
Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling of magma . Intrusive rocks forms inside the volcano extrusive rocks forms on earth surface
How does a metamorphic rock
Metamorphic rocks formed from heat and pressure
How does a sedimentary rock form
Sedimentary rock for him by weathering and erosion also the process’s of erosion deposition compaction and centimentation
How does a landform change due to water and wave action
Water and waves can work together to Everone to soil away and break down the landform water is the most strongest agent of the Erosion
How does chemical and physical properties of Earth materials are controlling factors in landform changes
Because they affect erosion that can change life formation
How do you scientists use the characteristics of a rock identify the process Through which it is form
They look at different properties for example, shape crystal structure texture etc.
Give evidence to support continental drift
Landform evidence fossil evidence of climate evidence
Evidence of seafloor spreading
Molten material magnetic stripes drill samples
Evidence of plate tectonics
Conversions divergent transform earthquake fault hotspot island chain mid ocean ridge plate tectonics plate boundary valley subduction chance form boundary trench volcano before spreading San Andreas Fault
Compare divergence convergence and transform boundaries
Divergent oceanic plates boundary is 12 plates move apart or diverge
Divergent continental plates Boundary went to play spread apart of Rift Valleys
transform boundaries went to place slipped past each other and moving in opposite directions earthquakes occur and faultlines occur
Convergent boundaries went to plates move closer together and subduction occurs. Oceanic continental plates
Convergent ocean ocean plates boundary makes trenches plates collide one going under each other cross is destroyed
Give examples of Earth’s features caused by seafloor spreading and plate tectonics
San Andreas Fault Hawaiian Islands Marianna trench Himalaya Mountains Black Sea deep African rift valley
Explain changes in the earths at subduction zone
Seduction occurs at a converging oceanic continental plate boundary The crust gets destroyed
Describe how island chains are produced by hot spots
Since plates are moving the hotspots does not create only one island it creates a lot of island chains for example the Hawaiian island
Explain how different types of volcanic activity reveal is happening in the earths interior
The type of rocks heat and temperature
Analyze factors that influence the magnitude and intensity of earthquakes
Transform boundary a the stronger the P waves S wave surface waves
What are isotopes
Atoms of the same elements with different atomic weight
Absolute dating notes
By comparing the ratio of the parent product to the daughter product you can calculate the number of half-lives that pass
Or absolute dating notes
Materials Witg long half-lives are used to date old materials materials with short half-life used to date young materials the age of the earth is determined by the breakdown of different isotopes of uranium
Radioactivity notes
Almost all of the elements contained radio active isotopes
the rate at which radioactive elements break down is predictable and specific to different isotopes
The right of decay is not affected by
External factors such as temperature heat or pressure
Time of decays measure in
Half-life
What is a half-life
Hey half-life is the time it takes for the mass of one life of the radio active activity to decay into its daughter product
Minerals
Naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition
How to identify minerals
Color streak luster density hardness
Rocks
A mixture of minerals rock fragments volcanic glass organic matter or other natural materials rocks are made of one or more minerals
Geologist identify rock base on
This size of the grain for example fine course or no visible grain the shape of the green rounded on jaggy in the pattern of the grain on banded or banded
What are the three types of rocks
Igneous sedimentary metamorphic
What is the rock cycles
A series of processes on Earth’s surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly change rocks from one kind to another
What are the agents of the erosion
Waterwinds glaciers and waves
How can you determine the density of different minerals
You can determine the density of different minerals by. Picking two minerals up and comparing their weight
