earth & atmosphere

Question 1

core definition

Answer 1

the innermost layer of the earth which extends about halfway from the centre of the earth to the surface (it is split into outer and inner core)

Question 2

crust definition

Answer 2

the rocky outer layer of the earth (the thinnest layer)

Question 3

deposition definition

Answer 3

the settling sediments that have moved away from their original rock

Question 4

erosion definition

Answer 4

the breaking of a rock into sediments and their movement away from the original rock

Question 5

igneous rock is formed when

Answer 5

formed when lava/magma cools and freezes (lava=extrusive magma=intrusive) their minerals are arranged in crystals e.g granite&basalt

Question 6

magma definition

Answer 6

molten rock below the earth’s surface

Question 7

mantle definition

Answer 7

the layer of the earth below the crust which is solid but can flow very slowly - made of molten rock

Question 8

metamorphic rock definition

Answer 8

formed when existing rocks are exposed to high heat and/or pressure over a long peridod of time (e.g marble)

Question 9

minerals definition

Answer 9

chemicals that rocks are made from

Question 10

porous definition

Answer 10

porous materials have small gaps (that may contain substances) in their liquid or gas states - water can soak into a porous material

Question 11

rock cycle definition

Answer 11

sequence of processes where rocks change from one type to another over millions of years

Question 12

sediment definition

Answer 12

pieces of rock that have broken away from their original rock

Question 13

sedimentary rock is formed from

Answer 13

formed from layers of sediment which may contain fossils (e.g chalk and limestone)

Question 14

transport definition

Answer 14

movement of sediments away from their original rock

Question 15

weathering definition

Answer 15

the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces by physical, chemical, or biological processes

Question 16

metamorphic rock is formed by

Answer 16

high heat and pressure

Question 17

sedimentary rock is formed by

Answer 17

weathering, erosion, compaction, deposition

Question 18

igneous rock is formed by

Answer 18

the cooling/solidification of magma/lava

Question 19

when lava cools it forms ___ igneous rock

Answer 19

extrusive

Question 20

when magma cools it forms ___ igneous rock

Answer 20

intrusive

Question 21

when molten rock cools quickly it forms ___ crystals

Answer 21

smaller

Question 22

when molten rock cools slowly it forms ___ crystals

Answer 22

larger

Question 23

atmosphere definition

Answer 23

the mixture of gases surrounding the Earth

Question 24

carbon cycle definition

Answer 24

Summarises how carbon and its compounds enter and leave the atmosphere and the carbon sinks

Question 25

climate change

Answer 25

a long term change in weather patterns

Question 26

combustion

Answer 26

a chemical reaction in which a substance reacts quickly with oxygen producing light and energy. AKA burning

Question 27

fossil fuels

Answer 27

a fuel made from the remains of animals and plants that died millions of years ago (e.g coal, oil, and natural gas)

Question 28

global warming definition

Answer 28

the gradual increase of the surface temperature of the earth

Question 29

greenhouse effect

Answer 29

when energy from the sun is transferred to the thermal energy stores of gases in the atmosphere

Question 30

greenhouse gas

Answer 30

a gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect, such as carbon dioxide and methane