earth and space vocab. 2

Question 1

magma

Answer 1

Melted rock underneath Earth’s surface

Question 2

lava

Answer 2

magma that flows out onto the earth´s surface

Question 3

intrusive

Answer 3

coarse-grained igneous rock that is formed when molten rock cools slowly and solidifies inside the earth’s crust.

Question 4

extrusive

Answer 4

fine-grained igneous rock that is formed when molten rock cools quickly and solidifies on earth’s surface.

Question 5

felsic

Answer 5

Classification of minerals with light colors, high amounts of silicon, and low iron/ magnesium levels.

Question 6

mafic

Answer 6

Igneous rock composition that is dark in color, low in silicon, and high in iron/magnesium

Question 7

texture

Answer 7

the size, shape, and distribution of the crystals or grains that make up a rock.

Question 8

porphyritic

Answer 8

rock texture characterized by large, well-formed crystals surrounded by finger-grained crystals of the same or different mineral.

Question 9

coarse-grained

Answer 9

igneous rock texture; intrusive rocks that cooled slowly and have large crystals

Question 10

fine-grained

Answer 10

igneous rock texture; intrusive rocks that cooled quickly and have small crystals

Question 11

clastic sedimentary
rocks

Answer 11

most common type of sedimentary rock, formed from the abundant deposits of loose sediments that accumulate on Earth’s surfaces; classified according to the size of their particles.

Question 12

sediment

Answer 12

small pieces of rock that are moved and deposited by water, wind, glaciers, and gravity.

Question 13

lithification

Answer 13

the physical and chemical processes that transform sediments into sedimentary rocks.

Question 14

deposition

Answer 14

occurs when eroded materials are dropped in another location.

Question 15

cementation

Answer 15

process of sedimentary rock formation that occurs when dissolved minerals precipitate out of groundwater and either a new mineral grows between the sediment grains or the same mineral grows between and over the grain.

Question 16

foliated

Answer 16

describes metamorphic rock, such as schist or genesis, whose minerals are squeezed under high pressure and arranged in wavy layers and bands.

Question 17

non foliated

Answer 17

describes metamorphic rocks like quartzite and marble, composed mainly of minerals that form with blocky crystal shapes.

Question 18

regional metamorphism

Answer 18

process that affects large areas of Earth’s crust, producing belts classified as low, medium, or high grade, depending on pressure on the rocks, temperature, and depth below the surface.

Question 19

contact metamorphism

Answer 19

local effects that occur when molten rock meets solid rock.

Question 20

rock cycle

Answer 20

continuous dynamic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rocks.