Earth and Space

Question 1

what happens when the permafrost starts to thaw

Answer 1

The land above the permafrost will sink or change shape

Question 2

explain the carbon cycle

Answer 2

• factories produce combustion
• animals cause respiration
• when plants take in CO2 its photosynthesis
• when plants release CO2 it’s respiration
• when animals die, their waste becomes organic carbon
• humans extract fossil fuels

Question 3

what is catchment area

Answer 3

A territory surrounding a waterway

Question 4

what is salinity

Answer 4

A measure of the quantity of salt in a solution

Question 5

how are salinity and density related

Answer 5

The more soap you add to a solution the more dense it will be

Question 6

what is ocean circulation

Answer 6

an ocean current is the movement of sea water in a certain direction

Question 7

what are the two types of marine current

Answer 7

surface currents and deep currents

Question 8

what are surface currents links to

Answer 8

horizontal circulation

Question 9

what are deep current linked to

Answer 9

what are deep current linked to vertical circulation

Question 10

what causes surface currents

Answer 10

wind

Question 11

what are deep currents caused by

Answer 11

by differences in temperature or salinity of the water

Question 12

deep currents are caused by what

Answer 12

by different density of water (denser water sinks and causes movement along the ocean floor)

Question 13

what factors make water denser

Answer 13

Cold water and salty water

Question 14

what is thermaohaline circulation

Answer 14

The combination of surface and deep currents created in ocean circulation

Question 15

give an example of thermohaline circulation

Answer 15

The hot water from the equator rises to the polls and the cold water from the poles sink to the equator

Question 16

how is pack ice formed

Answer 16

Pack ice forms when the surface of water freezes due to cold temperatures. T hey break off into sheets. This is ice floating on the ocean near the pool

Question 17

how are glaciers formed

Answer 17

glaciers are formed by compressing snow on land, broken pieces of glaciers that fall into the water are called icebergs

Question 18

what are the effects of melting pack ice

Answer 18

there is no effect, since it is frozen water it does not cause a rise in sea level

Question 19

what are the effects of melting glaciers

Answer 19

when glaciers melt it decreases the salinity of the ocean because glaciers are made out of fresh water, when the fresh water from the glaciers melt it dilutes the salty seawater

Question 20

explain the greenhouse effect

Answer 20

• most Sunday’s are absorbed into the ground
• once the ground is heated it emits infrared rays into the atmosphere
• greenhouses gases trap some of the infrared rays and send them back to earth this heating its surface even more

Question 21

what does the greenhouse effect cause

Answer 21

Global warming

Question 22

what does global warming cause

Answer 22

changes in weather (stronger storms) and melting of glaciers (this causes rising sea levels and thermohaline)

Question 23

which sources of energy or non-renewable

Answer 23

fossil fuels and nuclear

Question 24

what sources of energy are renewable

Answer 24

hydroelectricity, wind, solar, tidal, geothermal

Question 25

which sources of energy are eco-friendly

Answer 25

geothermal, nuclear, hydro, solar, wind

Question 26

what is permafrost

Answer 26

permafrost is soil that has been frozen permanently (0°C or lower for over two years)