Earth and Space Flashcards
What is the Northern Hemisphere?
The half of Earth that is north of the Equator. (Usually top)
What is the Southern Hemisphere?
The half of Earth that is South of the Equator. (usually bottom)
Where is the North pole?
The point at the top of the world where all lines of longitude meet.
Where is the South pole?
The point at the bottom of the world where all lines of longitude meet.
Where on a globe can you find the equator?
The Earth’s Equator is the imaginary line that runs around the centre of the globe at 0 degrees latitude, at equal distance between the North and South Poles.
The Earth’s axis is tilted how many degrees?
23.5
How long does it take the earth to rotate once on its axis?
24 hours
How long does it take for the Earth to orbit the sun?
365 days (one year).
Explain why we get day and night.
We get day and night because the Earth rotates on an imaginary line called an axis. During daytime, your part of the Earth is facing the sun. As the Earth rotates you move away from the sun until eventually, the sun is no longer visible, and you get night.
Identify the position of the earth relative to the sun in winter vs summer.
Earth is farthest from the sun in July and is closest to the sun in January.
Why is the weather colder in the winter and hotter in the summer?
As the earth travels around the sun during the year it maintains this tilt. Because of this tilt, in the summer we (north of the equator) are slanted more directly towards the sun so it’s hotter. In the winter, we’re slanted away so the sun’s rays are less direct, making it colder.
What force keeps the moon in orbit around earth
Gravity.
Why does the moon look different at different times of the month
As the Moon orbits the Earth, the Sun lights up different parts of it, making it seem as if the Moon is changing shape.
Identify a new moon:
New moon occurs when the moon is on the same side of Earth as the sun. New moons generally can’t be seen.
Identify a a crescent moon:
The Moon as it appears early in its first quarter or late in its last quarter, when only a small arc-shaped section of the visible portion is illuminated by the Sun.
Identify a quarter moon:
The Moon looks like it’s half illuminated from the perspective of Earth, but really you’re seeing half of the half of the Moon that’s illuminated by the Sun ― or a quarter.
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Identify a full moon:
The phase of the moon in which its whole disc is illuminated.
