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Science😝 > Earth > Flashcards

Earth Flashcards

1
Q

Fault

A

A break or fracture in the crust of the earth

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2
Q

Seismograph

A

How earthquakes are measured. The size and strength of the seismic waves that are released during an earthquake

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3
Q

Earthquake

A

Shaking or trembling of the earth caused by movement along a fault

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4
Q

Uplift

A

Upward movement of earths crust (mountains)

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5
Q

Tsunami

A

Earthquake underwater

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6
Q

Topographic map

A

2 dimensional model of the earths surface

Also known as contour maps

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7
Q

Relief

A

Difference between high and low elevations

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8
Q

Contour line

A

A line on a map that connects point of equal evaluation and shape of land

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9
Q

How was the theory of plate tectonics developed in the 1960s

A

Combining theories of the continental drift and sea floor spreading

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10
Q

The crust

A

The thin outer layer of earth known as the lithosphere

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11
Q

The asthenosphere

A

The upper liquid part of the mantle

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12
Q

Tectonic plate

A

The sections the crust and the upper mantle are broken into that move on a plastic like layer of the mantle

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13
Q

How is a earthquake made

A

The motion of the upper mantle is the main force threat causes the tectonic plates to move

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14
Q

Convergent

A

When an oceanic plate converges with the less dense continental plate, the denser oceanic plate subducts or goes down into the mantle is called the subduction zone

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15
Q

Transform

A

Transform boundaries occur where two plates slide right past one another. They move in opposite directions or in the same direction at different rates

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16
Q

Divergent

A

The boundary between two plates that are moving apart is called a divergent boundary

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17
Q

The thick line on a topographical map

A

Index contour line

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18
Q

Evidence for the continental drift

A

Fossils. Climate. Landforms

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19
Q

What is a convection current

A

Convection nuclear motion of water or air. Gets hot, then cold, then hot again. Convection currents are in the mantle. Convection does not touch anything

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20
Q

What are three types of heat transfer

A

Radiation. Conduction. Convection.

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21
Q

What is radiation transferred through

A

Empty space, does not need contact

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22
Q

Does conduction touch things

A

Yes

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23
Q

Does convection touch things

A

No

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24
Q

The layer of rock it earth surface is called the

A

Lithosphere

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25
Q

A large Area of earth surface is covered with

A

Hydrosphere

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26
Q

All rocks are made of solid components called

A

Minerals

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27
Q

Mineral can be identified it by what properties

A

physical and chemical

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28
Q

What is the minerals streak

A

The color of its powder

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29
Q

How are rocks classified

A

By their method of formation

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30
Q

What type of rock are pebbles cemented together

A

Sedimentary

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31
Q

What rock is found in an area of volcanoes

A

Igneous

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32
Q

What rock is most common at the surface near water areas

A

Sedimentary

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33
Q

What rock Contains fossils

A

Sedimentary

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34
Q

What rock is exposed to extreme pressure and heat

A

Metamorphic

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35
Q

What rock has layers of sand compacted together

A

Sedimentary

36
Q

What rock has magma cooled and hardened

A

Igneous

37
Q

What rock is made of minerals

A

Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic

38
Q

Igneous rock

A

Forms when hot, liquid rock material (magma or lava) cools and hardens. This hot liquid rock material is found in regions of volcanic activity can make large mineral crystals

39
Q

Sedimentary rock

A

Forms from cement sediment. sediment can be rock fragments of pieces of organic matter such as seashells in plant leaves. These sediments overtime will get buried, compressed, and cemented together. Most sedimentary rock forms on earth surface or near water were sediment accumulates. As a sediment accumulates many plants and animals are buried and become part of the rock. These remains of the organisms may become fossils.

40
Q

Metamorphic rock

A

Forms when pre-existing rock is exposed to insane heat or pressure. This usually occurs during mountain building or deep within earth. Metamorphic rock may form when a small area of rock is in contact with hot magma.

41
Q

Weathering breaks down into small pieces called

A

Sediments

42
Q

Gravity and glacier

A

Water and wind

43
Q

Organic plant and animal matter are found in the

A

Soil

44
Q

The force behind all transporting agents of a erosion is

A

Gravity wind and rain

45
Q

Sediment is moved by what in the dessert

A

Wind

46
Q

Most Sediment is moved by

A

Gravity

47
Q

What will break up the land

A

The deposition of sediment

48
Q

Crust

A

The thinnest outermost layer, which completely surrounds the earth. It is the least dense layer. The crust is made of continental crust which makes up landmasses and ocean crust, which makes up the ocean floor

49
Q

Mantle

A

The upper part of the mantle is a liquid like plastic that the crust floats on. Beneath This the mantle is a stiff solid.

50
Q

Outer core

A

The outer core is above its melting point there for this there is a liquid. It’s composition liquid iron.

51
Q

Inner core

A

The inner core is very dense and very hot. It is solid iron and nickel the elements that make up the core of the earth are believed to be the same as those that are found in some meteorites.

52
Q

The structure of earths interior was discovered by studying what

A

Earthquake waves

53
Q

The crust does what to the mantle

A

Floats on it

54
Q

The largest section of earth

A

Mantle

55
Q

Liquid iron layer

A

Outer core

56
Q

The theory of plate tectonics

A

Describes earths lithosphere to be decided into plates

57
Q

What can form if two plates collide

A

Mountains

58
Q

Where are volcanoes and earthquakes common

A

The edges of plates

59
Q

Where do volcanos form

A

Weak spots in the crust

60
Q

What is the ring of fire

A

Refers to crustal activity along the edge of the Pacific Ocean

61
Q

What does a benchmark indicate

A

The exact measurement of location

62
Q

Luster

A

A gentle sheen or soft glow

63
Q

Deposition

A

The action of deposing someone especially a monarch

64
Q

Glacier

A

A slow moving mass for river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction snow on mountains or near the poles

65
Q

Mineral

A

A solid in organic substance of natural occurrence

66
Q

Organic matter

A

Matter that has come from a recently living organism it is capable of decay or is the product of decay or is composed of organic compound

67
Q

Rock

A

The solid mineral forming part of the surface of the earth and other similar planets to expose the surface or underlying the soil of oceans

68
Q

When does weathering occur

A

When rocks are exposed to atmospheric gases, water, and the weather.

69
Q

Weathering of bedrock is caused by

A

The action of expanding ice, temperature changes, animal and plant activity, and the action of chemicals such as water or carbon dioxide.

70
Q

Weathering is most effected by

A

Climate. Air and water pollution have increased the rate of weathering in some locations.

71
Q

Basalt

A

Gas bubbles dark on color. Makes up most of the ocean floor. Most common rock type in the earths crust

72
Q

Conglomerate

A

Lots of compressed pebbles and sand spell water waves. Running the rack is a great clue that a river or beach once existed there. Often found in large expanses or beds

73
Q

Gneiss

A

Ribbon like layers. It’s formed from other rocks that of been squeezed for a long time deep within earths crust. Can be seen on mountainsides where rocks formed below the surface has been pushed up by movements in the earths crust

74
Q

Limestone

A

Fossils. Found near oceans and lakes

75
Q

Marble

A

Crystals. Formed when limestone is pushed down into the earth and subjected to intense heat and pressure for a long period of time. Some is pure white, others have colorful swirls. Found in Mountainsides and quarries ( pits dug into the earth )and is often used in construction and sculpture

76
Q

Obsidian

A

Glassy surface. Created from lava that cools so quickly that no crystal can form On it’s service. Found near volcanic lava flows and is often used to make arrowheads because it’s edges are very sharp.

77
Q

Why are rocks frequently pulled under the surface of the earth

A

Movements of earths crust. They get hotter and hotter, then the rock changes.The pressure caused by tons of other rocks passing down from above can transform rocks too heat and pressure usually work together

78
Q

What is metamorphism

A

The change when heat and pressure work together to change a rock is called metamorphism him which makes the resulting like a metamorphic rock

79
Q

Why are forces bringing rocks closer to the surface

A

Forces are bringing rocks closer to the surface where (they weather and erode and compacted ) Then the forces on earth sync them back down. (Where they are heated, pressed and melted)

80
Q

The elements that make up rocks

A

Are never created or destroyed they are constantly being recycled

81
Q

What does a erosion move to a new location

A

Sediment

82
Q

Where is windy erosion common

A

Dry climates in along beaches

83
Q

Glacierssssss

A

Masses of ice that moves slowly down hill

84
Q

Most sediment on earths surface is moved by

A

Gravity

85
Q

Why are the plates constantly in motion

A

The plates are constantly in motion due to the convection currents in the mantle.The flow of these convection currents move the earths crust. Convection currents are caused by density differences.plate tectonics proves the mechanism that moves the continents

86
Q

What does topography refer to

A

The shape of the land

87
Q

What are hachure marks

A

Hachure marks show places of deposition where the elevation goes down

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