earth 2

Question 1

Fall of chimneys. Cracks in the walls of the building.

Answer 1

VIII. Damaging tremor

Question 2

Describe how much energy an earthquake releases by assigning the earthquake a number from 1 to 10. The number indicates how strong the earthquake is.

 Describe the strength or magnitude of an earthquake
 Devised in 1935, Charles Richter, American Seismologist and Physicist

Answer 2

RICHTER SCALE

Question 3

General awakening of those asleep. General ringing of bells. Oscillation of chandeliers, stopping of clocks, visible agitation of trees and shrubs. Some startled persons leaving their dwellings.

Answer 3

VI.Strong tremor.

Question 4

Late 1700’s, used it as rough estimate of the size and the strength of an earthquake
 Gives the idea how strong or weak the shaking is.
 Tells how much a certain area was shaken when the earthquake reach that area

Can be determine by observing the effects of the earthquake in different places.
✓Houses, buildings, and other structures are inspected.
✓People are interviewed about what they saw (the cabinet fell over), how they felt (I was frightened), or what they did (I ran out of the house)

Answer 4

INTENSITY (I, II, III)

Question 5

Recorder by a single seismograph or by the seismograph of the same model, but not by several seismograph of different kinds. The shock felt by an experienced observer.

Answer 5

I.Microseismic tremor

Question 6

Overthrow of movable objects, fall of paster, ringing of church bells. General panic. Moderate to heavy damage buildings

Answer 6

VII. Very strong tremor.

Question 7

Recorded by several seismograph of different kind. Felt by a small number of persons at rest

Answer 7

II.Extremely feeble tremor

Question 8

. Felt by several persons at rest. Strong enough for the direction or duration to be appreciable.

Answer 8

III.Febble tremor

Question 9

Felt by persons in motion. Disturbance of movable objects, doors, windows, cracking of ceilings.

Answer 9

IV.Slightly tremor

Question 10

Felt generally by everyone. Disturbance of furniture, ringing of some bells.

Answer 10

V.moderate temor

Question 11

Describe the strength of an earthquake.
 Total amount of energy released by the earthquake at the focus as estimated from seismogram reading.

Answer 11

magnitude

Question 12

➢ developed between 1879 and 1883 by Michele Stefano Conte de Rossi of Italy and François-Alphonse Forel of Switzerland.
✓used for about two decades until the introduction of the Mercalli intensity scale in 1902.
✓ use in some countries, such as
the Philippines until 1996 when it was replaced by the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale

Answer 12

ROSSI-FOREL SCALE

Question 13

. Partial or total destruction of buildings.

Answer 13

IX. Devastating tremor

Question 14

Great disaster, ruins, disturbance of the strata, fissures in the ground, rock falls from mountains

Answer 14

X. Extremely high intensity tremor.

Question 15

✓ Very strong earthquake produces higher intensity ratings compared to weaker one.
FACTORS TO CONSIDER:

FACTORS TO CONSIDER: (1-7)

Answer 15

1. Population
2. Type of earthquake based on the depth from focus
3. Presence of communities,
4. Local soil
5. Rock types underlying the area,
6. Type and strength of the building present
7. Duration of the shaking

Question 16

 Developed in 1979, Thomas C. Hanks and Hiroo Kanamori, Caltech Seismologist
 Uses a different formula than the Richter Scale (more variables to calculate the energy released using seismic moment). Considers the area of the fault where the rapture occurred and the amount of movement of the rocks bordering the fault.
 More effective in measuring the magnitude of medium-to-large- scale earthquake

Answer 16

Moment Magnitude scale