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EARTH & SPACE > EARTH > Flashcards

EARTH Flashcards

1
Q

How old is the univers?

A

13.8 BILLION YRS OLD

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2
Q

God created the Universe.

A

CREATIONIST THEORY

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3
Q

George Gamow ; Expansion will stop, return to its original form then another Big Bang will occur.

A

OSCILLATING UNIVERSE THEORY

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4
Q

The Universe has always been the same since the beginning and it remain that way forever

A

STEADY STATE THEORY

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5
Q

As the currently accepted theory of the origin and evolution of the universe. The universe expanded from a tiny, dense and hot mass to its present size and much cooler state.

A

BIG BANG THEORY

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6
Q

is the branch of science that studies the origin, evolution and fate of the universe

A

COSMOLOGY

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7
Q

Is large unimaginable expanse of gas, stars, dust clouds, and consists of planets and galaxy.

A

UNIVERSE

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8
Q

is the gravitationally bound system comprising the Sun and the objects that orbit around it, either directly or indirectly.

A

SOLAR SYSTEM

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9
Q

it is in constant motion, with the planets and their moons, comets, asteroids and other space objects revolving around the Sun.

A

SOLAR SYSTEM

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10
Q

made of materials with high melting points such as silicates, iron , and nickel ; rotate slower, have thin or no atmosphere

A

TERRESTRIAL

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11
Q

gas giants ; rotate faster ; have thick atmosphere

A

JOVIAN

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12
Q

what are the dwaft planets of the solar system

A

ERIS, CERES, MAKEMAKE, PLUTO, HAUMEA, EARTH’S MOON

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13
Q

INNERMOST AND SWIFTEST PLANET ; ALBEDO 0F 6% ;
DAYLIGHT & DARKNESS BOTH LAST 88 DAYS ; TEMPERATURE RANGE OF -300F TO 800F ; VERY LITTLE ATMOSPHERE

A

MERCURY

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14
Q
  • SIMILAR IN SIZE, DENSITY AND MASS TO EARTH
  • THICK CLOUD OF CARBON DIOXIDE
  • SURFACE TEMPS OF 900F DUE TO GREENHOUSE EFFECT
  • ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IS 90 TIMES THAT OF EARTH
A

VENUS

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15
Q
  • WHITE POLAR ICE CAPS
  • HAVE GREAT RIFT VALLEY
  • VERY DRY PLANET
  • REDDISH ROCK, SAND AND SOIL
A

MARS

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16
Q
  • 2 1/2 TIMES LARGER THAN ALL OTHER PLANETS COMBINED
  • 1 DAY LASTS 10 HOURS DUE TO FAST ROTATION
  • HURRICANE-LIKE STORM SYSTEMS WITH WINDS OF 1000 MPH - GREAT RED SPOT
  • SURFACE OF LIQUID HYDROGEN OCEAN
  • SOME MOONS [61] AS LARGE AS MARS
A

JUPITER

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17
Q
  • 29 1/2 YEARS TO MAKE ONE REVOLUTION
  • SYSTEM OF RINGS
  • HIGH WIND SPEEDS 1000+ MPH
A

SATURN

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18
Q
  • SURROUNDED BY POLAR CIRCLING RINGS
  • KNOWN AS THE GREEN PLANET
  • METHANE IN ATMOSPHERE
  • ROTATES ON ITS SIDE
A

URANUS

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19
Q
  • TWIN PLANET TO URANUS
  • BY POLAR CIRCLING RINGS
  • KNOWN AS THE GREEN PLANET
  • METHANE IN ATMOSPHERE
  • ROTATES ON ITS SIDE
A

NEPTUNE

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20
Q
  • MAY NOT BE A PLANET BUT A TRANSITION BETWEEN COMET AND PLANET
  • AVERAGE TEMP OF -350F
  • LARGE DIRTY ICEBALL
  • 248 YEARS TO ORBIT SUN
A

PLUTO

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21
Q

Often compared to large, “dirty snowballs”
Composition:
Frozen gases, Rocky and metallic materials, Frozen gases vaporize when near the Sun, Produces a glowing head called the coma, Some may develop a tail that points away from Sun due to radiation pressure and the solar wind

A

COMETS

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22
Q
  • Irregular shapes AND Origin is uncertain
  • Most lie between Mars and Jupiter
  • Small bodies – largest (Ceres) is about 620 miles in diameter
  • Some have very eccentric orbits
  • Many of the recent impacts on the Moon and Earth were collisions with asteroids
A

ASTEROIDS

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23
Q

when they enter Earth’s atmosphere

A

meteors

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24
Q

when they are found on Earth

A

meteorites

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25
Q

Comprises the solid Earth and includes both Earth’s surface and the various layers of the Earth’s interior.

A

Geosphere

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26
Q

Gaseous envelope that surrounds the Earth and constitutes the transition between its surface and the vacuum of space

A

Atmosphere

27
Q

Includes all water on Earth (including surface water and groundwater)

A

Hydrosphere

28
Q

The life zone of the Earth and includes all living organisms, and all organic matter that has not yet decomposed.

A

Biosphere

29
Q

the building blocks of rocks

A

Minerals

30
Q

cooling magma causes minerals to crystallize

A

Crystallization from magma

31
Q

Minerals dissolve out of evaporated water; precipitated

A

Precipitation

32
Q

Change in pressure and temperature cause an existing mineral to recrystallize while still solid

A

Pressure and Temperature

33
Q

A hot mixtures of water with substances dissolved in them. When they come in contact with existing minerals- a chemical reaction occurs forming a new mineral

A

Hydrothermal Solutions

34
Q

contain carbon, oxygen, and one ore more metallic element

A

Carbonates

35
Q
  • formed from silicon and oxygen
  • elements combined to form a silicon tetrahedron, 1 silicon atom and 4 oxygen atoms
  • formed from cooling magma
  • either near the surface (few crystals) or deep below surface (larger crystals)
A

Silicates

36
Q

Minerals that contain oxygen and one or more other element(s)

A

Oxides

37
Q

Minerals containing sulfur

A

Sulfates and Sulfides

38
Q

minerals containing halogen ions plus one or more other elements

A

Halides

39
Q

Minerals that exist in a relatively pure form.

A

Native Elements

40
Q

are used to identify minerals based on specific characteristics.

A

Mineral Properties

41
Q

color of a mineral in its powder form

A

STREAK

42
Q

often not a good property for Iding

A

COLOR

43
Q

how light is reflected from the surface of a mineral

A

LUSTER

44
Q

tendency to break along flat, even surfaces (mica)

A

Cleavage

45
Q

uneven breakage (quartz)

A

Fracture

46
Q

ratio of a mineral’s density to the density of water

A

Specific Gravity

47
Q

measure of resistance of a mineral being scratched

A

Hardness

48
Q

any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet

A

Rocks

49
Q

are formed from magma that has cooled and hardened either beneath the surface or from a volcanic eruption

A

Igneous Rocks

50
Q

form when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface

A

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

51
Q

form when lava hardens on the surface of the Earth

A

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

52
Q

Weathering physically and chemically breaks rocks into small pieces called ; are moved
by wind, water, ice,
and gravity

A

Sedimentary Rocks

53
Q

breaks rocks down

A

Weathering

54
Q

involves weather and the removal of rock

A

Erosion

55
Q

is the dropping of sediments

A

Deposition

56
Q

is the process that squeezes the water out of the sediments. It is caused by the weight of the sediments.

A

Compaction

57
Q

takes place when dissolved minerals are deposited in the tiny spaces among the sediments.

A

Cementation

58
Q

form when existing rocks undergo change through heat and pressure

A

Metamorphic Rocks

59
Q

forms when magma intrudes into existing rock

A

Contact Metamorphism

60
Q

formed during mountain building process that occur over a large area

A

Regional Metamorphism

61
Q

form when minerals recrystallize at right angles to the direction of force ; Causes a layered or banded appearance

A

Foliated Metamorphic Rocks

62
Q

no banded texture ; Most contain only one mineral

A

Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rocks

63
Q

A model where the earth is the center of the universe

A

Geocentric

64
Q

A model where the sun is the center of the universe

A

Heliocentric

EARTH & SPACE (1 decks)

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