Earth

Question 1

Test for oxygen

Answer 1

Relight a glowing splint

Question 2

Test for carbon dioxide

Answer 2

Bubble through limewater

Question 3

Test for acid rain

Answer 3

Use universal indicator

Question 4

What gases does air contain (5)

Answer 4

• Nitrogen
• Oxygen
• Carbon Dioxide
• Argon
• water vapour

Question 5

What is the structure of the earth

Answer 5

Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

Question 6

What are the three types of rock

Answer 6

Igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary

Question 7

Examples of sedimentary rock

Answer 7

Sandstone, limestone, mudstone

Question 8

Examples of metamorphic rock

Answer 8

Slate, marble

Question 9

Igneous rock examples

Answer 9

Granite, pumice, basalt

Question 10

Lithosphere

Answer 10

Crust and upper mantle

Question 11

The theory of plate tectonics

Answer 11

The Earth’s crust is made up of tectonic plates that fit together like a jigsaw. They are moving slowly due to convection currents in the mantle.

Question 12

Continental drift

Answer 12

The continents have not always been as they are today. They have drifted into position and continue to move now. This is caused by movement of tectonic plates.

Question 13

Pangea

Answer 13

The modern continents once formed a single supercontinent called the Pangea. They have fragmented drifted into their current position to give us modern day continents.

Question 14

The theory of continental drift evidence

Answer 14

• proposed by Alfred wegener
• scientists did not believe theory as they had no evidence e.g. convection currents
• continents fit like jigsaw
• once a supercontinent, Pangea
• similar fossils found in different continents

Question 15

What was the 1st step in the formation of the Earth’s atmosphere

Answer 15

Volcanoes expelled a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapour with some ammonia 4.5 billion years ago.

Question 16

What was step 2 in the formation of the Earth’ s atmosphere

Answer 16

Water vapour from volcanoes cooled to form seas. These absorb CO2 to form carbonate rock.

Question 17

What is the 3rd step in the formation of the Earth’s atmosphere

Answer 17

Algae produces oxygen from photosynthesis. Plants colonise on land.

Question 18

What is the 4th step in the formation of the Earth’s atmosphere

Answer 18

Animal life evolves as they have oxygen for respiration. Oxygen forms an ozone layer, protecting life from harmful UV rays. Ammonia decomposes and nitrogen remains.

Question 19

What processes contribute CO2 to the atmosphere

Answer 19

• combustion
• respiration
• decomposition

Question 20

What processes remove CO2 from the atmosphere

Answer 20

Ocean uptake
Photosynthesis

Question 21

Climate change

Answer 21

Large scale, long term shift in the planets average weather patterns.

Question 22

Global warming

Answer 22

An increase in the Earth’s average temperature

Question 23

How can global warming be reduced

Answer 23

-reduce use of fossil fuels
-recycle materials
-more fuel efficient vehicles
-reduce energy consumption - insulate houses
-use mass transportation

Question 24

What is carbon capture (4)

Answer 24

Reduces CO2 emissions by 90%. Capture CO2 from power plants transport it via pipelines to storage points. Store it safely in geological sites such as depleted oil and gas fields.

Question 25

Cause of acid rain

Answer 25

Fossil fuels contain sulfur so they produce sulfur dioxide when burned. This enter the sky and dissolves in rain, forming sulfuric acid.

Question 26

Effects of acid rain (4)

Answer 26

• lowers pH of lakes damaging aquatic life
• lowers pH of soil damaging forests and vegetation
• damages limestone buildings
• increases rate of metal corrosion

Question 27

Sulfur Scrubber

Answer 27

Reduces SO2 emissions by 95%

Question 28

How to reduce acid rain

Answer 28

• Sulfur scrubber
• use renewable energy
• use less electricity
• “liming” - use powdered limestone to neutralise soil acidity