Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ears > ears > Flashcards

ears Flashcards

1
Q

ear

A

the sensory organ for hearing and maintaining equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

auricle

A

the external ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pinna

A

moveable cartilage and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the external ear ____

A

funnels sound into its opening– the external auditory canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

external audits canal

A

the canal is a cultural-de-sac 2.5 - 3.5 cm long in adults. has a slight S curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The middle ear

A

a tiny air filled cavity inside the temporal bone containing the tiny auditory ossicles:
1. malleus
2. incus
3. stapes
conducts sound vibrations from outer ear to central hearing apparatus
protects inner ear by reducing amplitude of sounds
Eustachian tube allows equalization of air pressure on each side of the TM so that it does not rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the inner ear

A

contains the

  1. bony labyrinth
  2. vestibular apparatus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the bony labyrinth

A

holds the sensory organs for equilibrium and hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tympanic membrane

A 
or eardrum
separates the external and middle ear. It is translucent with a pearly gray color and a prominent cone of light in the anteroinferior quadrant ( which is the reflection of the otoscope light)
pars flaccida
pars tensa
annulus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The parts of the malleus…….

A

show through the translucent drum- these are the jumbo, the manubrium, and the short process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cerumen

A

determined genetically and comes in two major types
1. dry cerumen which is gray and flaky and frequently forms a thin mass in the ear canal
2. wet cerumen which is honey to dark brown and moist.
caucasian most

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

eustachian tube

A

opening that connects middle ear with nasopharynx and allows passage of air
normally closed but opens with swallowing or yawning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

vestibular apparatus

A

vestibule and semi cultural canals within the bony labyrinth compose the vestibular apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hearing

A

auditory system can be divided into three levels

  1. peripheral
  2. brainstem
  3. cerebral cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

peripheral

A

ear transmit sounds and converts to electrical impulses which can be analyzed by the brain
amplitude-loudness
frequency- pitch or number of cycles per second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

brainstem

A

locates direction of sound in space

17
Q

cerebral cortex

A

interprets meaning of sounds

18
Q

pathways of hearing

A

normal pathway of hearing air conduction: most efficient
alternate-bone conduction
the bones of the skull vibrate transmit to inner ear and cn VIII

19
Q

hearing loss

A

anything obstructing transmission of sound

20
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

involves a MECHANICAL dysfunction of external or middle ear

  1. impacted cerumen
  2. foreign bodies
  3. perforated tm
  4. purulent or serous fluid in middle ear
  5. otosclerosis-decrease in mobility of ossicles
21
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

signifies pathology of inner ear, cranial nerve VIII or auditory areas of cerebral cortex.

22
Q

presbycusis

A

gradual nerve degeneration that occurs with aging

23
Q

ototoxic drugs

A

affects hair cells in the cochlea

24
Q

mixed hearing loss

A

combination of conductive and sensorineural types in the same ear

25
Q

equilibrium

A

the bony labyrinth in the inner ear feeds information to brain about the body’s position in space
determines
1. verticality and depth
2. registers angle of head in relation to gravity
3. if labyrinth becomes inflamed it feeds wrong information to the brain creating a staggering gait and a strong spinning, whirling sensation called vertigo

26
Q

Infant and children

A

inner ear starts to develop in 5th week of gestation

27
Q

infant eustachian tube

A

relatively shorter and wider and more horizontal than adults
easier for pathogens from nasopharynx to migrate to middle ear
increased risk for OM

28
Q

otosclerosis

A

common cause of conductive hearing loss
age 20-40
gradual hardening that causes foot plate of stapes to become fixed in the oval window
impedes transmission of sound and causing progressive deafness

29
Q

presbycusis

A

gradual sensorineural loss caused by nerve degeneration in inner ear and auditory nerve
onset usually occurs in 50s and slowly progresses
first notice high frequency tone loss

30
Q

whisper test

A

occlude 1 ear

1-2 feet from ear and whisper two syllable words

31
Q

tuning fork test

A

weber test

rinne test

32
Q

tuning fork

A

to activate tuning fork hold is by the stem and strike tines softly on back of your hand
a hard strike makes tone too loud and it takes a long time to fade out

33
Q

weber test

A

place vibrating tuning fork midline on top of person’s skull
can use forehead if unable to hear
normal sound heard equally in both ears
abnormal sound heard only on one side

34
Q

rinne test

A 
strike tuning fork
place on mastoid until unable to hear 
then place tines in front of external auditory meatus 
be sure to time hearing
normal AC> BC usually 2: 1

ears (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions