EARS Flashcards
describe perforation of the tympanic membrane (TMP)
C = trauma or infection of the middle ear - pus / pressure buildup - eardrum rupture
S = hearing loss / tinnitus / pus from the ear / virtigo
T = can heal by itself / myringoplasty (repair of perforation surgically)
describe auricular hematoma
CAULIFLOWER EAR
C = trauma - blood collecting between cartilage and overlying perichondrum disrupting the vascular supply to cartilage (perichondrial blood vessels)
S = damage / disfigurement of the outer ear
T = draining the fluid build up form the ear
describe mastoiditis
C = untreated otitis media spreading to porous mastoid air cells which can spread to the middle cranial fossa / brain = meningitis
S = intense pain behind ear / ear discharge / swelling mass behind ear / bulging tympanic membrane
T = high-dose, broad-spectrum intravenous (IV) antibiotics / pain killers
describe otitis media with effusion and what is it colloquially called (OME)
Glue ear
C = disfunction of the auditory tube - -ve pressure - musus drawn from middle ear - infection - inversion of the eardrum + possible perforation
S = no outward inflammation / loss of light reflex / bubbles + fluid in the ear / mild conductive hearing loss
T = hearing aids / grommets
describe menieres disease
C = condition that causes sudden attacks of vertigo / tinnitus / ear pressure / hearing loss (unilateral low pitched)
S = sudden drop in hearing / vomiting / vertigo / roaring / buzzing in your ear (2-3 hours long)
T = antihistamines to relieve mmild nausea and vomiting
describe osteosclerosis of the ear
C = abnormal bone growth (calcification) around the stapes of the ear reducing movement
S = gradual hearing loss (low / deep /quiet sounds) / tinnitus
T = hearing aid / surgery
describe otitis media
group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear
AOM - acute
OME - glue ear
describe sensorineural hearing loss
C = problems with inner ear / sensory organ / vesibulocochlear (auditory) nerve caused by genetics / trauma / meningitis
S = accompanied by tinnitus / vertigo
T = permanent generally / Hearing Aids, Cochlear Implants
describe sensory hearing loss
C = damage / deficient cochlear hair cells caused by genetic defect / trauma / infection
T = bone conduction implants / hearing aids
describe conductive hearing loss
C = problem with the outer ear / middle ear by wax buildup / infection / perforation / genetics / osteosclerosis
S= speech is understandable but needs volume increased
T = hearing aid
describe neural hearing loss
C = damage to cochlear nerve - cranial nerve VIII
mixed hearing loss
combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
summarise an audiogram showing sensorineural hearing loss
when both bone / air conduction show a hearing loss of the same level
summarise an audiogram showing mixedl hearing loss
different degrees of hearing loss are found via both air and bone conduction
Rinne Test
tuning fork NEXT TO (air) then BEHIND THE EAR (bone)
Rinne test results
normal - next to ear sound is longer than behind ear
conductive - bone LONGER than air
sensorineural - air LONGER than bone
Rinne test results
normal - next to ear sound is longer than behind ear
conductive - bone LONGER than air
sensorineural - air LONGER than bone
WEber test results
normal = equal
conductive = MORE in abnormal ear
sensorineural = MORE in NORMAL ear
Weber test results
normal = equal
conductive = MORE in abnormal ear
sensorineural = MORE in NORMAL ear
genetic causes of hearing loss
40 genes linked (DFNB1)
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
drug / chemical causes of hearing loss
viagra
++ NSAIDS
erythromycin
other causes of hearing loss
head trauma iodine deficiency (with unborn children)
what is prebycusis
age related hearing loss in both ears normally caused by changes in the inner ear / noise induced hearing loss / hypertension / diabetes
list the 4 pathological phenotypes of presbycusis
sensory
neural
strial / metabolic
cochlear conductive
describe sensory pathological presbycusis
degeneration of organ of CORTI - outer hair cells which amplify sound are damaged and do not regenerate
describe neural pathological presbycusis
degeneration of spiral ganglion cells
describe strial / metabolic pathological presbycusis
atrophy of stria vascularis in cochlea - less capillaries decreasing cochlear
potential
describe cochlear conductive pathological presbycusis
stiffening of the basilar membrane affecting its movement efficiency
