Ears Flashcards
finger rub/whisper test
finger rubs behind ears, whisper 2-syllable word
weber test
fork on midline of head (bone conduction) if louder in one ear “lateralizes” that way
rinne test
fork on mastoid process then to ear once can’t hear (AC:BC - 2:1)
normal hearing
weber: lateralized midlinerinne: AC > BC (2:1)
conductive hearing loss
blockage in external ear, fluid in middle ear- weber: bad ear will hear better - lateralize toward that ear (no influence of AC)- rinne: AC = BC or AC
sensorineural loss
inner ear/nerve damage- weber: opposite lateralization will be bad (can’t hear in that ear)- rinne: AC:BC will be equal, but smaller ratio (
palpate external ear
- tragus: if painful - otitis externa- mastoid process: if painful - otitis media or mastoiditis (many lymph nodes in mastoid area)
cerumen
wax - golden; will darken as it ages (elderly will have more due to less cilia in ear)
exotosis
discreet, hard, oval outcropping/narrowing- formation of new bone; seen in swimmers/surfers- develops over years can become painful, infections, and lead to hearing loss
otitis externa
outer ear infection- scaling/crustin, inflammation and discharge in canal, swollen canal- pain on tragus
serous otitis media
fluid in middle ear (not infected)- decongestant not abx- TM retracted and decreased mobility, yellowish appearance due to serous fluid- bubble is eustachian tube blocked
bacterial otitis media
infected middle ear- puss, red, inflamed- TM can protrude out
perforated TM
can be from loud sound or infection- when healed it will be whiter
scarred TM
decrease healing due to less vibrations
tympanostomy tubes
last resort - usually due to chronic ear infections
ala nasi
lateral outside wings of nose
kiesselbach region
anteroinferior part of nasal septum; vascular - most common site for nose bleeds
fx of nasal mucosa
rich blood supply to warm inhaled air; mucous blanket to trap dust and bacteria
turbinates
superior, middle, inferior - on lateral wall (can only view mid/inf)- fx to increase SA for blood vessels/mucous membranes to war, humidify, and filter air
olfactory receptors
hair cells - merge into olfactory nerve (CN1) - transmits to temporal lobe of brain(CN1 can be damaged by allergies)
paranasal sinuses
air-filled pockets in cranium to give skull lightness; will fill with fluid during infections- provide mucous to drain into nasal cavity
4 sets of nasal sinuses
accessible: frontal, maxillaryunaccessible: ethmoid, sphenoid
frontal sinus
- absent at birth- developed btw 7-8; full size by puberty(accessible)
maxillary sinus
- present at birth- full size by the time all permanent teeth are in(accessible)
ethmoid sinus
- present at birth- grow rapidly 6-8yrs and post puberty(unaccessible)
sphenoid sinus
- minute at birth- develop after puberty(unaccessible)
