Ears Flashcards
Otitis Externa
-MCC
-Symptoms
-Treatment
-Do not give ____ if TM rupture and why
-Pseudomonas
-Pain with tragus movement, otorrhea, hearing loss, pain
-Isopropyl alcohol or acetic acid for moisture
-Cipro-Dexamethasone, Ofloxacin drops
-Do NOT give aminoglycosides (-mycin) as they are ototoxic
Malignant Otitis Externa
-MCC
-RF
-Symptoms
-Testing
-Treatment
-Pseudomonas
-DM, HIV, Immunocompromised, Elderly
-Severe preauricular pain, nerve palsies, TMJ pain, otorrhea
-CT/MRI to confirm
-Admit + IV Cipro
Acute Otitis Media
-MCC
-W/ Conjunctivitis the cause is
-Most sensitive exam finding
-Definitive Testing
-Treatment normally
-If PCN allergic
-H. Flu Treatment
-Strep Pneumo
-H. Flu with conjunctivitis
-Decreased TM mobility is most sensitive exam finding
-Tympanocentesis with culture definitive
-Amoxicillin 80-90 mg/kg/day x 10-14 days
-PCN allergy: Azith, Emycin, Bactrim
-Augmentin if H. Flu
Chronic Otitis Media
-Definition
-MCC
-Symptoms
-Treatment
-Recurrent ear infection > 6 weeks with TM perforation
-Pseudomonas
-Persistent painless otorrhea, perforated TM, conductive hearing loss
-Ofloxacin or Ciprofloxacin drops
Mastoiditis
-Definition
-Complication of….
-MCC
-Symptoms
-Testing
-Treatment
-Infection of mast air cells in temporal bone
-Complication of AOM
-Strep Pneumo MCC
-Fluctuance, mastoid tenderness, protrusion of auricle, edema
-CT with contrast confirms
-IV Vanco + Ceftazidime + Myringotomy
Cholesteatoma
-MC from
-Symptoms
-Treatment
-MC from ET dysfunction
-Painless, brown/yellow, foul otorrhea
-Vertigo, dizziness
-Surgical removal and reconstruction of ossicles
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
-Hearing test explanations
-Patho
-Causes
-If Unilateral, think…
-Weber (fork on head) lateralizes to normal ear
-Rinne (fork near ear) AC > BC (normal)
-Presbycusis MCC
-Decreased number of cilia
-Noise trauma, Meniere, Labyrinthitis
-Acoustic Neuroma if unilateral
Conductive Hearing Loss
-Hearing test explanations
-Causes
-MCC
-Weber lateralizes to affected ear
-Rinne BC > AC (abnormal)
-Otitis Media, Otitis Externa, Otosclerosis
-Cerumen Impaction MCC
Peripheral Vertigo
-Problem with…
-Symptoms
-Causes
-Problem with Labyrinth or CN8
-Fatiguable horizontal nystagmus, sudden onset, tinnitus
-BPPV, VN, Meniere, Labyrinthitis, Cholesteatoma
Central Vertigo
-Problem with…
-Symptoms
-Causes
-Problem in brainstem or cerebellum
-Nonfatiguable vertical nystagmus, gradual onset, progressive
-Migraines, Tumor, MS
BPPV
-Symptoms
-No…
-Patho
-Treatment and Testing
-Recurrent episodes of sudden peripheral vertigo (60 seconds or less) triggered by certain head movements
-No hearing loss or tinnitus
-Displaced otolith particles in semicircular canals
-Dix Hallpike to diagnose
-Epley Maneuver to treat and reposition otoliths
Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis
-Difference in inflammation
-Symptoms of both
-Symptoms of Labyrinthitis Only
-Treatment
-VN: inflamed vestibular part of CN8
-Laby: both parts of CN8 inflamed
-SX of Both: continuous peripheral vertigo, horizontal nystagmus
-Laby Only: Tinnitus, unilateral hearing loss
-Glucocorticoids, Meclizine, Self-Limited
Meniere’s
-Patho
-Symptoms
-Lifestyle Recommendations
-Treatment
-Idiopathic distention of endolymphatic compartment of inner ear due to excess fluid
-Episodic peripheral vertigo, fluctuating sensorineual hearing loss, tinnitus, horizontal nystagmus
-Decrease salt, alcohol, caffeine, chocolate
-Meclizine, Benzol, Diuretics
Acoustic Neuroma
-Other Name
-Compresses…
-Symptoms
-Testing
-Schwannoma
-Compresses CN 5, 7, 8
-Slowly progressive unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
-MRI
Otosclerosis
-Patho
-Symptoms
-Treatment
-Overgrowth of stapes –> conductive hearing loss
-Slow progressive conductive hearing loss at low frequencies
-Stapedectomy with prosthesis or hearing aid
