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Vertebrate Zoology > early vertebrates? primitive fish? > Flashcards

early vertebrates? primitive fish? Flashcards

1
Q

What is a fish?

A

A vertebrate that isn’t a tetrapod

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2
Q

Give 5 characteristics of the early Cambrian fossilised vertebrates

A 
Cranium
W-shaped myomeres
Heart and fin rays
Lack mineralised tissues
Soft bodied
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3
Q

When are the early Camrbian fossils from?

A

535 mya

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4
Q

Where were the early Cambrian fossils found?

A

Chengjiang, China

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5
Q

When did mineralised tissue appear in the fossil records?

A

Late Cambrian

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6
Q

When did bone fragments appear in the fossil records?

A

Early Ordovician - 480 mya

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7
Q

When did complete fossils first appear in the record?

A

Late Ordovician

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8
Q

Where were the first complete fossils found?

A

Bolivia and Australia

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9
Q

Give an example of a complete fossil from late Ordovician Bolivia

A

Astraspis

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10
Q

Give 5 characteristics of Astraspis

A 
Torpedo shaped
Jawless
External armour, head shield and bony plating
Gill openings
Sensory canals
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11
Q

What did the Astraspis use its sensory canals for?

A

Detecting changes in water pressure (like modern day fish)

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12
Q

Why may the Astraspis have needed external armour?

A

Protection from large marine invertebrates

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13
Q

What are conodonts?

A

Microfossils spanning fossil records from Cambrian to Triassic, turned out to be teeth

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14
Q

What are conodonts made of?

A

Apatite

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15
Q

What are jawless fish called?

A

Agnatha

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16
Q

What are the 2 classes of agnatha?

A

Myxinoidea

Petromyzontia

17
Q

Give 8 general characteristics of jawless fish

A 
Slender eel-like bodies
Naked skin (no scales)
Cartilaginous skeleton/cranium
Notochord persistent
No vertebrae or jaws
5-16 pairs of gills
Distinct brain
No distinct stomach
18
Q

How many species of hagfish are there?

A

65

19
Q

Why don’t hagfish lose ions or water to the surrounding environment?

A

They have an osmotic equilibrium with seawater

20
Q

How do hagfish defend themselves against predators?

A

They produce slime which clogs up a predator’s mouth and gills, making it hard to breathe

21
Q

Describe the hagfish circulatory system

A

Low pressure

1 main heart with 3 accessory hearts

22
Q

What are Myxinoidea known as?

A

Hagfish

23
Q

What are Petromyzontia known as?

A

Lampreys

24
Q

Give 4 morphological characteristics of hagfish

A

Single nasal opening
Single semi-circular canal
Degenerate, skin-covered eyes
Mucoid bag

Vertebrate Zoology (4 decks)

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