Early Tension

Question 1

What was the alliance called between USA ,USSR and UK?

Answer 1

The Grand Alliance

Question 2

When was the Grand Alliance formed?

Answer 2

1941

Question 3

Why was the Grand Alliance formed?

Answer 3

To defeat Nazi Germany

Question 4

What year was the Tehran conference?

Answer 4

1943

Question 5

What year was the Yalta conference?

Answer 5

1945

Question 6

What year was the Potsdam conference?

Answer 6

1945

Question 7

What did Nazi Germany say about the Grand Alliance?

Answer 7

The Grand Alliance was a ‘marriage of convenience’ , in which three countries shared the aim of defeating their common enemy

Question 8

What was agreed at The Tehran Conference?

Answer 8

• The USA and UK agreed to open up a second front by invading Nazi occupied Europe
• The Soviet Union would declare war on Japan oce Germany was defeated
• The boundaries of Poland would be moved west. Poland would lose territory USSR and gain some from germany
• They set up the would set up the UN

Question 9

What was agreed at the Yalta conference?

Answer 9

• Germany would be reduced on size when it was defeated,divided and demilitarised. It would have to pay reparations
• Europe would be rebuilt along the lines of the Atlantic Charter. Countries would have democratic elections.
• The UN was set up
• The USSR would declare war on Japan once Germany was defeated
• Poland would be in the ‘Soviet sphere of influence’ but run on a broader democracy

Question 10

What was agreed at the Potsdam conference?

Answer 10

• A Council of Foreign Ministers was set up to organise the rebuilding of Europe
• The Nazi party was banned and war criminals were punished
• Germany was reduced in size and divided into four zones of occupation run by Britain, France, the USA and USSR
• Berlin was also to be divided up into zones of occupation
• The USSR was receive 25% of the output from the other three occupied zones

Question 11

The outcome of the conferences between the Grand Alliance?

Answer 11

Their differences where starting to emerge

Question 12

What is the definition ideology?

Answer 12

A set of political ideas about how society should be run

Question 13

What did USA, Britain and other capitalist countries say about communism?

Answer 13

Communism enslaved people to the state

Question 14

What did the USSR and other communist countries say about capitalism?

Answer 14

Capitalism exploited the workers to make the rich even richer. Communism was based on fairness

Question 15

What was the Long Telegram?

Answer 15

A secret report from the US ambassador Kennan in Moscow to President Truman

Question 16

What did the Long Telegram say?

Answer 16

• The USSR saw capitalism as a threat to communism that had to be destroyed
• The USSR was building its military power
• Peace between a communist USSR and a capitalist USA was not possible

Question 17

What was Novikov’s telegram (1946)?

Answer 17

A report from Novikov, Soviet ambassador the the USA

Question 18

What was said in Novikov’s telegram?

Answer 18

• The USA wanted world domination and was building up its military strength
• The Soviet Union was the only country left after the war that could stand up to the USA
• The USA was preparing its people for the war with the Soviet Union

Question 19

What two things made the relations between the superpowers worse?

Answer 19

• Ideologis

- The atomic bomb

Question 20

What did the USA see the USSR as a threat to?

Answer 20

Their economy

Question 21

What did the USSR see the USA as a threat to?

Answer 21

Nuclear military

Question 22

When did the USSR create the Satellite States?

Answer 22

1947-49

Question 23

What did the USSR think would happen in the free elections in their Satellite States?

Answer 23

People would vote for communism

Question 24

What did the communist parties do once in power in the Satellite States?

Answer 24

Shut down the opposite parties and each country become a single-party state.(‘Salami tactics’)

Question 25

How did Bulgaria become communist?

Answer 25

A communist government was elected in 1945, and all elected non-communists were executed

Question 26

How did Romania become communist?

Answer 26

A communist-led coalition took power. However, by 1947 the communist had taken over and Romania became a one-party state

Question 27

How did Poland become communist?

Answer 27

At Yalta Stalin promised to set up a joint communist/non-communist government. Stalin then invited 16 non-communist leaders to Moscow and arrested them. Thousands of non-communist were arrested. The communists then ‘won’ the 1947

Question 28

How did Hungary become communist?

Answer 28

The communists lost the 1945 election but the communist leader Rakosi took control of the secret police,executed and imprisoned his opponents and turned Hungary into a communist state

Question 29

How did East Germany become communist?

Answer 29

The original Soviet zone of occupation in Germany, it became a communist state in October 1949

Question 30

What was 4 impact of the USSR taking of East Germany on the super power relations?

Answer 30

• The USA saw the USSR takeover East Germany as a betrayal of Yalta agreement, in which Stalin had made promises about holding democratic elections
• Others saw it as evidence of Soviet expansion: Eastern Europe was a stepping-stone to a Soviet takeover of Western Europe
• The USA was determined to contain communism through military and economic assistance: the Truman and marshall Aid
• The USSR argued it needed to control Eastern Europe as a buffer zone, protecting it from attack from the West. The US response was unnecessary

Question 31

Why did events in Greece change US policy?

Answer 31

Truman was informed in 1947 that GB could no longer afford to keep troops in Greece & Turkey. If GB withdrew these countries could well come under the influence of Stalin. truman therefore paid for the troops to be kept there and gave financial backing to the two countries. This was the beginning of the US policy of CONTAINMENT

Question 32

What was the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 32

Truman announced this change of policy from isolation to containment to the world in a speech in March 1947- he made it clear that the US was prepared to assist any country under the threat of communism. Truman saud choosing democracy over communism was like choosing good over evil. The USA would send troops and money to stop communism spreading. This was known as containment