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Intro to Psychology > Early schools of psychology > Flashcards

Early schools of psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is STRUCTURALISM?

A

Measured basic elements of conscious experiences to provide scientific evidence to understand/identify/categorize and break down sensations into basic elements of the structure of psychological experiences, used introspection as key research tool.

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2
Q

What period is STRUCTURALISM known for?

A

Late 19th century.

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3
Q

Who are the historically important people connected to structuralism?

A

⌱Wilhelm Wundt

⌱Edward B. Titchener, a student of Wundt.

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4
Q

What important discoveries was STRUCTURALISM responsible for?

A

⌱Difference between the SENSATION of a stimulus & the PERCEPTION of that stimulus.
⌱Marked beginning of psychology as a SCIENCE bc it demonstrated that mental events can be quantified/measured.

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5
Q

What is FUNCTIONALISM?

A

Attempted to explain behavior, emotion, thought as active adaptations that have continually evolved since beginning times. Emphasis on purpose of particular human behavior. Inspired by Darwin’s work in biology.

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6
Q

What period is functionalism known for?

A

Late 19th century, 1870-1900s

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7
Q

Who are the historically important people connected to functionalism?

A

⌱William James (main founder)

⌱John Dewey

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8
Q

What important discoveries was FUNCTIONALISM responsible for?

A

⌱

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9
Q

What is the PSYCHODYNAMIC PSCHOLOGY school of psychology?

A

Examined how unconscious mental processes (feelings, memories + childhood experiences) affects/explains/influences behavior.

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10
Q

What period is psychodynamic psychology known for?

A

Very late 19th - early 20th century

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11
Q

Who are the historically important people connected to psychodynamics?

A

⌱Sigmund Freud

⌱Erik Erikson

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12
Q

What are psychodynamic psychology’s major contributions?

A

⌱Idea that early childhood experiences are critical

⌱concept of therapy as a way of improving human lives.

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13
Q

What is BEHAVIORISM?

A

Rejected idea of objectively studying mind, focused on studying observable behavior (relationships between stimuli & response to stimuli)

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14
Q

Who are the historically important people connected to behaviorism?

A

⌱Ivan Pavlov, Russian physiologist (1849-1936)
⌱John B. Watson (1878-1958)
⌱B. F. Skinner (1904-1990)

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15
Q

What period is behaviorism known for?

A

Early 20th century.

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16
Q

What are behaviorism’s major contributions?

A

⌱Able to successfully predict behavior without knowing what happens in the “black box” of the human mind.
⌱Developed laws of learning that can explain all behaviors.
⌱Successfully applied rewards/reinforcements to train animals.
⌱Identified principles of learning (later evidence proved it wasn’t as simple as they thought)

17
Q

What is the COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT school of psychology?

A

Studies mental processes: thinking, memory, judgement, problem-solving, decision-making, & growth of these mental processes/thoughts & language processes in infants & children.

18
Q

What period is cognitive development known for?

A

1920s - 1930s.

19
Q

Who are the historically important people connected to cognitive development psychology?

A

⌱Jean Piaget (1896-1980), Swiss psychologist.

⌱Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934), Russian psychologist.

20
Q

What are the major contributions of cognitive development psychology?

A

⌱Piaget’s theory tracking development of children’s thinking in 4 major stages, each w several substages.
⌱Children see the world differently (don’t understand different minds (theirs & urs) can know different things)
⌱EGOCENTRISM, in child’s thinking is centered in their OWN view of world.

21
Q

What is HUMANISTIC psychology?

A

Rejects only focusing on disorders & problems. Emphasizes development of a healthy, effectively functioning person by focusing on potential of individuals & their unique viewpoint & consciousness.

22
Q

What period is the humanistic school of psychology known for?

A

The 1950s - 1960s.

23
Q

Who are the historically important people connected to behaviorism?

A

⌱Abraham Maslow

⌱Carl Rogers

Intro to Psychology (1 decks)

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