Early Republic Test Flashcards
Order of first five presidents
Washington - Adams - Jefferson - Madison - Monroe
Who was Washington’s Secretary of State? What was their role?
Thomas Jefferson - Foreign affairs
Who was Washington’s Secretary of Treasury? What was their role?
Alexander Hamilton - Finances
Who was Washington’s Secretary of War? What was their role?
Henry Knox - defense/ war
Fist law passed by congress
Judiciary Act of 1789
What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 establish?
National court system with three levels of federal courts and defined court relations with state courts.
How many Justices did the original Supreme Court have?
6 justices
Hamiltons three part financial plan
- Assume state debt
- Raise government revenue; Taxes
- Create national bank
Did Southern states like Hamilton’s plan? Why or why not?
No, already paid debts
What made Southern states eventually agree with Hamilton’s Plan?
Move capital to South - Washington DC
Strict Constructionist
Federal government can only do what the Constitution says it can
Famous strict constructionist. Agree or disagree with national bank? Why?
Thomas Jefferson. Opposed national bank because the constitution doesn’t say anything about a bank.
Loose Constructionist
Federal government can take reasonable action that the Constitution doesn’t specifically forbid
Famous loose constructionist. Agree or disagree with national bank? Why?
Alexander Hamilton. In favor of national bank because he wanted uniform money
Problem with Natives in Northwest Territory
As settlers were moving in, Natives (supplied by the British) were attacking them
Action taken to solve issue with Natives in Northwest Territory
Sent troops - first lost to Little Turtle -led to Battle of Fallen Timbers
Resolution to solve issue with Natives in Northwest Territory
Treaty of Greenville - Natives lead them alone and get supplies
What did the farmers in Philadelphia do in response to the taxes on Whiskey?
Rebelled -> Whiskey Rebellion
How did Washington stop the rebellion? Why is this important?
He personally led army troops - proved federal government could enforce its laws
What problems did the war between France and Britain cause in America?
People couldn’t decide who side to take
Jeffersons advice for French and British war
Back France - past support, could become ally, similar ideas (independence)
Hamiltons advice for French and British war
Pro- British - strengthen trading ties, didn’t like mob
Washington’s decision fro French and British war
Neutrality Proclamation - wouldn’t take either side
Problem with British
Attacked American ships
Britain/ U.S. Treaty
Jay’s Treaty - British pay damages and leave Ohio River Valley; America pays back debt to them
Problems with Spain
Closed New Orleans port and dispute over southern border
Spain/ U.S. Treaty
Pickney’s Treaty - Spain reopened port/ trade and border at 31º N
Two pieces of advice in Washington’s Farewell Address
- Warned against dangers of foreign alliances
- Political parties; would divide nation
Two leaders of Federalist Party
John Adams & Alexander Hamilton
Two leaders of Democratic-Republican Party
Thomas Jefferson & James Madison
Who did the Federalist party believe should rule?
Wealthy People
Who did the Democratic-Republican Party believe should rule?
People
Opinion on National Bank (Federalist and Democratic-Republican)
Federalist - Yes, Necessary and Proper
Democratic-Republican - No, not in Constitution
Opinion on Economy (Federalist and Democratic-Republican)
Federalist - Manufacturing/ Business
Democratic-Republican - Agriculture
Side on French and Britain war and why? (Federalist and Democratic-Republican)
Federalist - Britain - Trade
Democratic-Republican - France - possible ally/ fighting for liberty & equality
XYZ Affair causes, event, effect
U.S. ambassadors sent to negotiate peace treaty
France would only discuss with bribe
U.S. prepare for war
John Adams proudest accomplishment
Negotiating and signing treaty with France - 1800
Purpose of Alien and Sedition Acts
Get rid of French immigrants (thought of as spies) and forbid people from publishing criticism against government
Who opposed Alien and Sedition Acts? Why did they?
Jefferson and Madison - violate freedom of speech and press
How did they oppose Alien and Sedition Acts?
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (Theory of states rights)
What happend during the Presidential election of 1800? How did they fix it?
Jefferson and Burr tied - House of representatives cast vote until tie was broken
What did the election of 1800 cause?
Passing of Twelfth amendment
Who was Jefferson’s VP?
Burr
What was Jefferson’s Philosophy of Government? How did he act on it?
Limited government - reduced amount of federal employees and military
Marbury v. Madison (what it established, chief justice)
1st law declared unconstitutional, Judicial Review
Chief Justice: John Marshall
Louisiana Purchase (why, who, when, significance)
Jefferson wanted New Orleans port, Napoleon offered all land to pay for war. Jefferson hesitated - constitution doesn’t say anything. Bought land $15 million on October 20, 1803 - doubled size of America
Lewis and Clark experiences and achievements
Crossed Rockies, reached Pacific, used Missouri River. Clark - Mapped land
Lewis - recorded new plants and animals
Sacagawea - guide and interpreter
Jefferson issue with foreign policy and how he solved it
Britain attacking ships and impress (kidnapping) sailors -> Embargo act - stop all trade with foreign countries
Madison issue with foreign policy and how he solved it
Britain attacking ships and impress (kidnapping) sailors -> Banned trade with only Britain and France
What was the result of the Embargo act and the Non-Intercourse Act (Madison)?
U.S. lost money and it damaged the economy
Three causes of the War of 1812
Impressment, Ships being attacked, Britain supported natives in attacking us
Ft. McHenry significance
Francis Scott Key wrote Star Spangled Banner
New Orleans battle significance
Jackson won (hero), but pointless battle -> Treaty already signed
What treaty ended the War of 1812? Who won?
Treaty of Glent - no one won
Three effects of War of 1812
Increased patriotism, weakened native resistance, manufacturing grew
Who made the “American System”? What were the three parts of it?
Henry clay - protective tariffs, 2nd national bank, transportation system
Nationalism
feeling of pride towards your country
National road
Cumberland road - first national road - Maryland to Illinois
Erie Canal
Opened area to trade, made New York City largest city and port, connected Hudson, Albany to Buffalo NY
“Era of Good Feeling”
Nationalism Strengthened
Rush-Bagot Agreement
With British - limited navies on Great Lakes
Convention of 1818
Settled Canada border - 49ºN
Adams-Onis Treaty 1819
Spain gave up Florida and Oregon County
Gibson v. Odgen - Description and Chief Justice
Should state or federal government control interstate commerce? - Fed gov
John Marshall
Malloch v. Maryland - Description and Chief Justice
Can states tax national gov? - No
John Marshall
Monroe Doctrine
U.S. tried to stop European countries from colonizing western hemisphere
Regional Interests
South - plantations, slavery, cotton
North - Manufacturing, trade
West - cheap land, transportation
Issue with Missouri becoming state
Upset balance between free and slave states
Missouri Compromise of 1820
Missouri - slave state Maine - free state
Balance between free vs. slave states
Was the Missouri Compromise a permanent fix?
No, slavery will continue to be an issue until banned
