early repub Flashcards
yuan modernisation reforms
- reform legal system
- suppressing opium farming
- encourage primary education
- centralising national econ
-increasing crop yields thru irrigation and flood control and encourages farmers to use new techs
GMD first emerge
jan 1913: republican parliament room elections= GMD campaign strongly and gained a majority of seats so Song chosen to serve as PM
yuan suppress GMD
June 1912= yuan pressured 4 GMD members of his cabinet to step down and Song assassinated on train
july 1913 - GMD backed provincial governor Jiangxi declared independence from Juan - 6 more after a month- second rebellion but put down easily by Yuans troops
reorganisation loan and 21 demands
100 mill from foreign banks
not approved by parliament
china already gaining 13 mil debt each month
18 jan 1915 - JPN demand exclusive rights to econ development manchuria and mongolia/control over mining/control liaodong peninsula
yuan double down autocratic 1913/14
4 nov 1913 - banned GMD
jan 1914 - dissolved national and provincial parliaments and replaced them with advisory state council
may 1914 - yuan new constitution and expanded his term from 5 to 10 years and increased dictatorial powers over military/diplomacy/financial
reasons for the failure of yuan shikai
- provincialism of gentry - feared restored monarchy
- military followers - yuans generals had gained power for themselves and were worried monarchy threaten this
- strength of republicanism - idea of republic had become popular intellectually/monarchy=backward
- 21 demands = yuans popularity and credibility seriously damaged
4th may protests
- 3000 students at gate of heavenly peace in tiananmen square
- 30 ish leaders arrested > strikes etc (one month = 20 provinces and 100 towns/cities = protests and strikes)
first national party congress CCP
july 1921 = 12 delegates show up
early party membership CCp
only 57 members in a population of 400 million
difference of opinion in early CCP
chen duxiu (shanghai) = traditional marxist and believe proletariat would be chief class in china and that the peasants were too hard to unify
li dazhao (beijing) = wanted peasants to play the central role in the revolution
reasons for lack of success in suns government
poor organisation
lack of discipline
limited ideological commitment within gmd
goals of Sun Joffe declaration
26 jan 1923
national independence
national unity
reorganised gmd key features
democratic centralism
guiding principles = suns 3 principles with emphasis on ridding china of warlords and emphasis role of peasants and workers
consequences of suns death
destabilising the united front and unsure on leadership - factional disagreements
divided btw left faction (radical and CCP) and right (conservative and sus on comms)
may 30 atrocious incident
1925
11 ppl killed by british troops when they were protesting in shanghai
solidarity protests for the may 30 martyrs - 52 killed
increased anti imperialist feeling and renewed may fourth movement
strikes = shanghai workers general strike = 200k workers an 50k students over 2 months
start of 1927 = CCP has 57k members
