Early Printing Flashcards
What is the earliest form of written communication?
marks on clay
The spread of knowledge across ancient civilization brought mass ____ and mass _____
education and communication
Printing with moveable types
typography
Printers ran the first ____ line
assembly
Typography was also the first handicraft that was ____
mechanized
Back then reading meant
reading aloud or listening
Prose was ___ rather than visual
oral
Printing’s first purpose is for ___
prayers and liturgical ceremonies
Printing transform the ____ and ____ structures from feudalism to _____ capitalism
political, economic, mercantile
Printed books led to the growth of ____ class of merchants and artisans
middle
Declarations of ___ rights and to governments based on ____ and ____
human, laws, constitution
By providing the means for spreading information to a broad segment of the population printing set the basis for
democracy
But along with it, ___ and ____ also followed
censorshp, dictatorship
Centuries before Gutenberg’s invention people in china were carving images or texts into blocks of ___ and ___
wood, clay
He also made use of a clay used for ____ or _____
crushing olives, smoothing clay
the ____ ____ was the superior printing system that used hard metal puches to make soft lead types and an ___ based ink
gutenberg press, oil
The availability of ___ mills enabled the printing of books
paper
Paper was used in ___ until Buddhist priests carried it to ___ and ___
China, Korea, Japan
Jean Montgolfier escaped from Damascus as a ____ and set up the first ___ ___ in Europe
slave, paper mill
The supply of ___ to make paper was far greater than the supply of ____ for parchment and vellum
rags, sheepskin
But paper is less ____ that parchment
durable
Three events in the modern age:
bubonic plague, ice age, fanaticisim and revolts
___ ____ church windows carried the only history most people knew
stained glass
_____ culture deeply affected the manner of composing and writing
manuscript
What marked the growth of the modern age?
literacy
the more ____, the more literacy
printing
the more___, the more printing
literacy
What are the main topics of the first published books:
religious, secular, entertainment, information
the demand for books increased as schools multiplied and ____ literacy rose
vernacular
the easier to read printed texts prompted ___ and ____ ____
silent and quicker reading
the invention of the ____ encouraged silent reading, privacy, and separation from other
chimney
a genuine middle class
merchant class
____ birth mattered less and ther ability to read and write mattered more
noble
Gutenbergs invention soon splintered knowledge into
specialties
Some scholars who already had access to learning denounced the printing as a
disrespectful vulgarization
Education was transformed from “learning by doing” to
learning by reading
in many homes the ___ and ____ were the only books to be found
bible, almanac
The _____ _____ was a religious movement that reformed the dominant roman catholic church
protestant reformation
______ was the first to use the printing press to attack the practices of the roman catholic church
Lutheranism
_____ was the first movement to exploit the potential of the printing press as a mass medium
Protestantism
it was also the first movement to use the new press for ____ against established institution
propaganda
Luther translated the ___ ____ into verman vernacular so ordinary people can understand
new testament
the ____ of 1543 during the reign of ___ VIII prohibited any unlincesed person to read or discuss in a public assembly any annotated Bible
act, henry
the ____ introduced the clasical literature of Greece and rome to a Western Eurpoe that had been largely unaware of the ancient books
Renaissance
Printers produced engraved ___ and ____ text at the height of global exploration
engraved, geography
The map encouraged ____ and furthern exploration and reassured ____
commerece, investors
most literate professions:
printers, surgeons, medicine dispensers
least literate professions:
construction trade, food occupation, gardeners, unskilled day workers
McLuhan identifeis the arrival of printing not only as a cause of ____ but also the ____ to government
nationalism, opposition
___ and ___ became boundaries of both inclusion and separation
grammar, spelling
since the invention of printing, communication media have been an element of all ___
wars
when ____ preached about salvation through study and see;f-knowledge, their books were burned by church authorities who demanded that only the bible could be the source of knowledge and only the church hierarchy were permitted to access it
Gnostics
The church was worried that the monks would be lost to ___
heresy
____ of Prohibited Books banned the printing of books that lacked the Church’s approval
Index
_____ a well known book burner, publicly burned books, art projects, and even cosmetics in the “bonfire of ____”
Savonarola, vanities
One of the few havens for printers and writers was ____
Holland
___ law prohibited the transportation or delivery of pornography
comstock
he began a one man anti porn crusade
Anthony Comstock
reading ___ was an indulgence leading to a moral decline
novels
____ franklin in his (name of publication) challenged the government and religious authority, for which he was jailed for 1 month had the publication suppressed
james, the new england courant
After benjamin franklin was released he helped set up a separate ____ service for the new nation
postal
Benjamin Franklin wanted to be the first American to publish a magazine but he was surpassed by a_____ B____
Andrew Bradford
Colonists read the idea that citizens have a social contract with their governments so they imposed ____ without ____
taxes without representation
The ____ act of 1765 required newspapers, magazines, and legal documents to be printed on paper from London that carried a revenue stamp
stamp act of 1765
