early preg

Question 1

what does the “T-sign” on ultrasound indicate?

Answer 1

monochorionic diamniotic gestation

Question 2

what does the “twin peak” or “lamda” sign on ultrasound indicate?

Answer 2

dichorionic diamniotic gestation
- two seperate pacentas that fused into one larger placents

Question 3

who is at risk for twin-twin transfusion syndrome

Answer 3

twins that are monochorionic

Question 4

What type of twins occurs with division of a fertilized egg 13 days or later after fertilization?

Answer 4

conjoined twins

Question 5

what electrolyte imbalance can be seen in hyperemesis gravidarum

Answer 5

hypokalemia
hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis

Question 6

outpt vs inpt tx for hyperemesis gravidarum

Answer 6

outpt: doxylamine with pyridoxine
inpt: fluid replacement, thiamine replacement, IV antiemtics

Question 7

what makes up quad testing/screen?

Answer 7

Alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, estriol, and inhibin A

Question 8

when is quad screening done and what are you looking for?

Answer 8

second trimester between 15–18 weeks gestation to evaluate for increased risk of genetic abnormalities (e.g., aneuploidies), neural tube defects, and abdominal wall defects.

Question 9

what quad screening results are concerning for an increased risk for down syndrome

Answer 9

LOW AFP
LOW estriol
HIGH hCG
HIGH inhibin A

Question 10

Normal weight gain over the course of pregnancy

Answer 10

Based on pre-pregnancy BMI
* BMI < 18.4: 28-40lbs
* BMI 18.5-24.9: 25-35lbs
* BMI 25-29.9: 15-25lbs
* BMI > 30: 11-20lbs

Question 11

what is the most common side effect of oxytocin

Answer 11

tachysystole

Question 12

what is the most common cause of oligohydramnios

Answer 12

rupture of membranes

other causes: abscence of fetal urine production, fetal urinary tract blockage, maternal htn/preE, postterm preg

Question 13

Which sign associated with pregnancy is characterized by softening of the cervix?

Answer 13

Goodell sign