Early part of Cold War(1941-56)

Question 1

When was the Tehran Conference

Answer 1

November 1943

Question 2

When was the Yalta Conference

Answer 2

February 1945

Question 3

When was the Potsdam Conference

Answer 3

July 1945

Question 4

Tehran Conference agreements

Answer 4

Agreed about spheres of influence after the war -USSR influenced Eastern Europe, USA + UK influenced Western Europe
Western allies agreed to launch attack on Germany from the West(D-Day), easing pressure on the Eastern front where the Soviets suffered heavy losses during WW2

Question 5

Tehran Conference signs of tensions

Answer 5

Stalin thought the western allies deliberately delayed D Day

Question 6

Yalta Conference agreements

Answer 6

Work for democracy in Europe-
set up United Nations(first meeting on 25 April 1945)
Russia would help US defeat Japan

Question 7

Yalta conference tension

Answer 7

Disagreement on issue of Poland - Stalin expected Poland to have free elections with a pro-communist government, while Britain supported the non-communist London poles

Question 8

Potsdam Conference agreements

Answer 8

Divide Germany and Berlin into 4 zones(USSR, Britain,France,USA)
Ban Nazi party and prosecute war criminals

Question 9

Potsdam conference tension

Answer 9

Different leaders - Attlee(for England) and Truman(USA): Truman didn’t tell Stalin about the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Question 10

Iron Curtain Speech

Answer 10

This occurred on 1946, Churchill made a famous speech to warn about the spread of communism in Europe

Question 11

Long Telegram

Answer 11

22 February 1946, sent from Moscow to Washington by US ambassador George Oennan to the Soviet Union , claimed Stalin wanted to destroy capitalism but USSR would back down if America were strong

Question 12

Novikov Telegram

Answer 12

1946- Claimed USA didn’t want to work with USSR any more and wanted to use military advantage to take control

Question 12

Truman Doctrine

Answer 12

Occurred in 1947- Truman wanted the USA to contain communism and Truman gave an economic aid package to Greece and Turkey of $400 million, sending American civilians and military people there as these were countries in Europe who struggled to rebuild economies from WW2 and communism looked attractive to them.
Troops and economic aid helped countries resist communism.

Question 13

Marshall Plan

Answer 13

Occurred in 1947, provided $17 billion aid to help Eastern European countries recover, but USSR ordered them not to take it. This provoked Stalin and increased the East-West divide.

Question 14

Cominform

Answer 14

Set up in 1947, a Communist information Bureau to co-ordinate Communist parties across Europe under the control of the USSR

Question 15

Berlin Blockade

Answer 15

The USSR blocked supplies to Berlin in June 1948 so Trizonia(the Western-combined zones of Berlin) to show Germany shouldn’t be divided and for propoganda for the Western zones to give up control of their zones in Berlin, allowing the capital to be controlled by the Soviet Union.
The USSR wanted Germany to be a divided country so it would never attack USSR, but USA wanted Germany to be a strong, capitalist country which it could trade with

Question 16

Berlin Airlift

Answer 16

The Western allies flying 1,000 tons of supplies to Berlin until on 9 May 1949 the Soviet Union lifted the Berlin Blockade

Question 17

NATO

Answer 17

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation in April 1949 consisting of the Western powers to stand up against communism

Question 18

Comecon

Answer 18

Set up in 1949, Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, aimed to co-ordinate Eastern European countries and was a response to the Marshall Plan

Question 19

Death of Stalin

Answer 19

Occurred in 1953, he was replaced by Khruschev in 1956 who criticised Stalin’s policies and believed in peaceful co-existence/de-Stalinisation

Question 20

Warsaw Pact

Answer 20

Set up in 1955, in response to West Germany joining NATO in May 1955 and was an equivalent communist defensive alliance.

Question 21

Hungary 1956 features

Answer 21

24 October 1956- Khruschev replaced Rakosi, a brutal leader, with Imre Nagy, a former prime
3 November 1956- Nagy tells Khruschev he will leave the Warsaw Pact, which Khruschev didn’t like as other eastern european countries may follow
4 November 1956- The Hungarian Uprising where the Soviet Union invaded Hungary and re-established control,20,000 Hungarians were killed. Later on Imre Nagy was executed.