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OBSTETRICS 2 > Early Obstetric Hemorrhage > Flashcards

Early Obstetric Hemorrhage Flashcards

1
Q

Abortion is defined by WHO as pregnancy termination prior to ____ weeks of gestation or with fetus born weighing ______

A

20 weeks
<500 g

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2
Q

This pertains to a nonviable, intrauterine pregnancy with either an empty gestational sac or a gestational sac containing an embryo or fetus without fetal heart activity within the first 12 6/7 weeks AOG.

A

Early pregnancy loss

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3
Q

Pregnancy of Unknown Location is identified with ________ testing but without a confirmed sonographic location

A

serum Beta-hCG

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4
Q

Of embryonic miscarriages, how many percent of all abortuses have chromosomal abnormalities?

A

25%

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5
Q

This pertains to a miscarriage that contains no identifiable embryonic elements

A

Anembryonic Miscarriage
Pre-embryonic loss

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6
Q

The frequency of chromosomal anomalies in abortuses and stillbirths is highest in which trimester?

A

First trimester (55%)

Second trimester is 35%
Third trimester is 5%

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7
Q

Which embryonic abortion tend to abort later in gestation?

A

Euploid/Normal Abortion

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8
Q

The incidence of euploid abortions increases dramatically after maternal age exceeds:

A

35 years

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9
Q

Between maternal and paternal gametogenesis errors, which one causes 95% of chromosonal abnormalities in aneuploid/abnormal abortions?

A

maternal

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10
Q

75% of aneuplod abortions abort before ____ weeks of gestation

A

8 weeks

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11
Q

This is the most frequently identified chromosomal anomaly in aneuploid abortions

A

Autosomal trisomy

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12
Q

This is the single most frequent specific chromosomal abnormality in aneuploid abortions

A

Monosomy X (45 X)

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13
Q

True or False:
Autosomal monosomy is incompatible with life

A

True

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14
Q

This chromosomal abnormalities is associated with hydropic placental (molar) degeneration

A

Triploidy

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15
Q

True or False:
Advanced maternal and paternal age DO NOT increase the incidence

A

TRUE

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16
Q

What are the maternal factors that can cause abortion?

A

Infections
Medical disorders
Cancer
Surgical Procedures
Nutrition
Social and Behavioral
Occupational and Environmental factors

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17
Q

Which paternal factor is associated with increased abortion?

A

Age

18
Q

At what paternal age is the risk for abortion lowest?

A

before age 25

19
Q

In increasing paternal age, chromosomal abnormalities in the __________ likely play a role in abortions

A

spermatozoa

20
Q

Which Maternal Medical Disorders have prominent risks associated to abortions:

A
  1. Poorly controlled DM
  2. Obesity
  3. Thyroid disease
  4. Systemic disease
21
Q

True or False:
Exposure to <5 rads does not increase risk of abortion

A

TRUE

22
Q

Which chemotheraputic drug is particularly worrisome in women with ongoing pregnancy due to its association with abortion?

A

Methotrexate

23
Q

Surgical removal of which structure before 10 weeks of gestation may cause abortion?

A

Corpus luteum

24
Q

True or False:
Trauma seldom causes first trimester miscarriage

A

True
→ Major trauma (especially abdominal) can cause fetal loss, but is more likely as pregnancy advances

25
Q

True or False:
Underweight is not associated with a greater miscarriage risk

A

True

Note: Obesity does raise pregnancy loss rates.

26
Q

Regular or heavy use of alcohol about ____ or more drinks per week increases miscarriage risk

A

4 or more

27
Q

Alcohol intake during pregnancy is strongest for miscarriage occurring prior to ______ weeks of gestation

A

10 weeks

28
Q

Secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy increased the risk of miscarriage by ___%

A

11%

29
Q

Reports link heavy intake of approximately _____ cups of coffee per day (about _____ mg of caffeine) with slightly greater abortion risk

A

5 cups (500 mg)

30
Q

True or False:
Studies of moderate intake (less than 200 mg daily) did not indicate increased risk

A

True

31
Q

Give 4 environmental toxins have a possible link to miscarriage:

A

Bisphenol A
Phthalates
Polychlorinates Biphenyls
Dischlorodiphenyltrichloroethane DDT

32
Q

This is the most predictive risk factor for pregnancy loss in threatened miscarrage

A

Bleeding

33
Q

What is the normal serum progesterone?

A

> 20 ng/mL

34
Q

What is the serum progesterone level associated with threatened abortion?

A

< 5 ng/mL

35
Q

What diagnostic procedure establishes viability of the fetus?

A

Serial quantitative serum beta-hCG

36
Q

Identify type of abortion in patient with vaginal bleeding.
Physical and Internal Examination:
→ Abdomen is soft, non-tender
→ Cervix is closed
→ Intact Bag of water
→ Size of uterus is compatible with AOG

A

Threatened miscarriage

37
Q

Identify type of abortion in a patient in <20 wk AOG with PPROM only
● Internal Examination:
→ Ruptured bag of water
→ Passage of amniotic fluid
→ Cervix is open

A

Inevitable abortion

38
Q

Identify type of abortion in patient with history of heavy bleeding, cramping, and passage of tissue or fetus.
IE: closed cervical os
UTZ: empty cavity

A

Complete Abortion

38
Q

Identify type of abortion in patient with vaginal bleeding and small uterus
IE: open cervic and tissues plugging the os

A

Incomplete abortion

39
Q

Identify type of abortion.
Dead products of conception were retained for days, weeks, or even months in the uterus with a closed cervical os

A

Missed abortion

40
Q
A

OBSTETRICS 2 (3 decks)

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