Early modern period

Question 1

What is the renaissance?

Answer 1

A time of cultural flourishing in medieval Europe

Question 2

When was the Early Modern Period?

Answer 2

1450-1750

Question 3

Name 5 things that happened during the renaissance?

Answer 3

• Improved education
• Art flourished
• Science develops
• Discoveries in geography
• Many new inventions

Question 4

When did Vasco de Gama return from India?

Answer 4

1499

Question 5

When did Christopher Columbus travel around the Atlantic?

Answer 5

1492

Question 6

What is an Astrolabe?

Answer 6

A piece of equipment used by sailors to tell how far south or north they’re travelling

Question 7

Who is Christopher Columbus?

Answer 7

Christopher columbus was an explorer who set sail in 1492 with the goal of finding a new route to India. He discovered America in the process ( still believing it was India ) and sailed around the Caribbean islands for many months. He also captured native Americans and transported gold and animals back to Europe.

Question 8

Name 2 consequences of world exploration:

Answer 8

• Slavery = Spaniards arrived in Southern and Central America and fought with the indigenous peoples, eventually winning and capturing many of them. They were usually transported back to Europe where they were used as slaves, put on display or killed. Some were also used to work in gold and silver mines in America.
• Flourishing trade = the Portuguese set up trading posts in India, allowing them to dominate the far east. They also built many forts and trading posts across South and Central America where they developed successful gold mines and traded slaves, oil and minerals.

Question 9

What is humanism?

Answer 9

focusing on human behaviour without expecting rewards or punishment from God

Question 10

Who is Galileo?

Answer 10

An astronomer, physicist and mathematician who made many discoveries about the world, including that all planets revolved around the sun, rather than the earth ( which was what the Church and most of the public thought to be true ).

Question 11

Name 2 theories Galileo thought to be true that the church disagreed with:

Answer 11

• the planets all revolve around the sun, not the earth
• The earth rotates on itself

Question 12

What did the Church do to Galileo to stop him spreading his theories?

Answer 12

Place him under house arrest for 9 years

Question 13

Give 2 reasons why Galileo could be considered more of a threat to the Church:

Answer 13

• He was directly contradicting the Church’s views and was very vocal about his ideas
• He was able to communicate his views without the use of publication ( though he did write a book ), which meant uneducated people could also learn about his theories

Question 14

Give 2 reasons why the printing press could be considered more of a threat to the church:

Answer 14

• Books offered a wider variety of knowledge in a range of subjects, rather than Galileo who mostly spread ideas surrounding astronomy
• People trusted printed texts more than an individual, as they were seen as more professional and reliable

Question 15

What does excommunication mean?

Answer 15

When someone is expelled from the catholic church

Question 16

When was the printing press created?

Answer 16

1445

Question 17

Who is Martin Luther?

Answer 17

The person that started the protestant movement in Germany

Question 18

Give 3 reasons the church was important:

Answer 18

• helped the ill
• spread messages to the community
• fed the hungry and poor

Question 19

What were three issues Martin Luther had with the church:

Answer 19

• The priests didn’t lead a very holy life ( many slept with various women etc. )
• Ordinary people couldn’t understand the prayers and masses ( they were all said in latin which most didn’t speak )
• Poor people couldn’t afford indulgences ( payment for their sins )

Question 20

What is the definition of protestant?

Answer 20

A group of christians who protested against the catholic church

Question 21

What is the definition of reformation?

Answer 21

A religious movement in England where people changed from catholic to protestant

Question 22

What is a missionary?

Answer 22

Someone sent to spread religious faith

Question 23

Give 3 things King James said were signs of someone being a witch:

Answer 23

• having a strange mark on your body
• living alone
• talking to yourself

Question 24

What was the main way to test if someone was a witch?

Answer 24

To “swim” them

They would be tied up so they were unable to swim and thrown into a “blessed” pond. If they floated, they were guilty. If they sunk, they were innocent.

Question 25

Give 3 reasons the witch craze gained momentum in the Early Modern period:

Answer 25

• there was still a lack of scientific knowledge and people often searched for alternative explanations to a lot of scientific events ( especially among the uneducated lower class )
• There were still strong beliefs about heaven, hell and the devil and many people lived in fear of the devil punishing or possessing them
• There was a lack of knowledge around mental health, as well as high expectations for women, so anyone who didn’t live the traditional lifestyle was thought to be dangerous or scary

Question 26

Name 3 discoveries/ new methods developed during the Scientific revolution:

Answer 26

• dissection of the human body - previously only animals had been dissected, as human bodies were seen as holy and pure
• The telscope
• the compass

Question 27

Who first began dissecting human bodies?

Answer 27

Andreas Vesalius

Question 28

Who invented the telescope?

Answer 28

Galileo