Early Modern Europe Flashcards
Italian Peninsula:
The Italian Peninsula is a boot-shaped landmass in Southern Europe, surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Ionian Sea, and Adriatic Sea.
The Medici Family:
The Medici Family was a powerful and influential Italian family that rose to prominence in the 15th century through banking and commerce, playing a significant role in the cultural and political life of Florence.
Florence:
Florence is a city in Italy known for its rich history, art, and architecture, considered the birthplace of the Renaissance.
Humanism
Humanism is an intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements, emphasizing classical learning and values during the Renaissance.
Thomas Aquinas:
Thomas Aquinas was a medieval theologian and philosopher known for his synthesis of Christian theology with Aristotelian philosophy.
Renaissance:
The Renaissance was a period in European history known for its cultural rebirth, marked by renewed interest in art, literature, science, and humanism from the 14th to the 17th century.
Leonardo da Vinci:
Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian polymath known for his contributions to art (e.g., Mona Lisa), science (e.g., anatomy studies), and engineering (e.g., designs for flying machines).
Michelangelo:
Michelangelo Buonarroti was an Italian artist renowned for his sculptures (e.g., David) and frescoes (e.g., Sistine Chapel ceiling) during the High Renaissance.
Martin Luther:
Martin Luther was a German theologian, priest, and key figure in the Protestant Reformation who challenged the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church, leading to the formation of Lutheranism.
Systems of Patronage:
Systems of patronage were prevalent during the Renaissance era where wealthy individuals or institutions financially supported artists, scholars, and thinkers to create works of art or advance knowledge.
The Printing Press:
The printing press revolutionized communication by enabling mass production of books and pamphlets, credited to Johannes Gutenberg’s invention in the mid-15th century.
The Church of England:
The Church of England, also known as the Anglican Church, was established by King Henry VIII in the 16th century after breaking away from papal authority, making the monarch the head of the church.
The 95 Theses:
The 95 Theses were a list of propositions written by Martin Luther in 1517, criticizing the Catholic Church’s practice of selling indulgences and sparking the Protestant Reformation.
Protestant Reformation:
The Protestant Reformation was a religious movement in the 16th century that led to the establishment of Protestantism as a separate branch from Roman Catholicism due to theological disagreements and calls for reform.
Henry VIII:
Henry VIII was the King of England from 1509 to 1547 known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church due to his desire for an annulment from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon.
