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early modern era Flashcards

1
Q

what happened in 1517

A

martin luther made the 95 thesis - starting protestantism

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2
Q

what is protestantism

A

Protestants are a form of Christianity which rejects the leadership of the Pope

and sought to make the Church and Christian faith more accessible to ordinary people.

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3
Q

when did protestantism start

A

1517 - when martin luther made the 95 thesis

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4
Q

what happened in 1536

A

the dissolution of the monasteries under henry vii

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5
Q

what was the 1536 dissolution of the monasteries

A

a policy introduced in 1536 CE by Henry VIII to close down and confiscate the lands and wealth of all monasteries in England and Wales

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6
Q

why did henry viii dissolve the monasteries in 1536

A

His intention in destroying the monastic system was both to reap its wealth and to suppress political opposition as well as due to the pope’s refusal to annul Henry’s marriage to Katherine of Aragon, so that he could marry Anne Boleyn.

  • to reap its wealth
  • suppress political opposition (power of the church)
  • overrule popes refusal to annul marriage to KOA so he could marry AB
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7
Q

what happened in 1605

A

the gunpowder plot

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8
Q

what is the 1605 gunpowder plot an example of

A

high tensions between catholics and protestants

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9
Q

what was the 1605 gunpowder plot

A

a group of catholics lead by Guy Fawkes attempted to blow up parliament and kill the protestant king james 1

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10
Q

what happened in 1494

A

vagabonds and beggars act created

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11
Q

what was the 1494 vagabonds and beggars act

A

introduced by Henry VII. The Act stated that “vagabonds, idle and suspected persons shall be set in the stocks for three days and three nights

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12
Q

what was a vagabond

A

someone who would move from town to town looking for work

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13
Q

how were vagabonds punished

A

3 days and 3 nights in the stocks and pillories - deterrance and public humilation

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14
Q

what happened in 1542

A

the witchcraft act was passed

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15
Q

what act was passed in 1542

A

the witchcraft act

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16
Q

what was the 1542 witchcraft act

A

defined witchcraft as a crime punishable by death

It was repealed five years later, but restored by a new Act in 1562.

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17
Q

when was the 1542 witchcraft act repealed *

A

five years later - 1547

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18
Q

when did the witchcraft act come back

A

restored by a new Act in 1562.

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19
Q

what monarch passed the 1542 witchcraft act

A

henry viii

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20
Q

what happened in 1547 (2 possible answers)

A

the vagrancy act was passed

+ witchcraft act came back

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21
Q

what did the 1547 vagrancy act do

A

The Vagrancy Act stated that any able-bodied person who had not worked should be branded with a V, and sold into slavery for two years

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22
Q

what was a vagrant

A

a person who could work but chose not to, and having no fixed abode or lawful occupation, begged.

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23
Q

when was the vagrancy act passed

A

1547

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24
Q

what happened in the years 1642-49

A

the english civil war

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25
when was the english civil war
1642-49
26
how many years did the civil war last
7 years
27
when did the civil war begin
1642
28
when did the civil war end
1649
29
key changes from medieval england
- increase in price of food - increase in population - henry viii and the monasteries
30
how did an increase in food prices affect crime and punishment
increase in food prices made it harder for the poor to make ends meet leading to an increase in theft
31
how did population growth affect crime and punishment
increase in population lead to greater competition for jobs and an increase in crimes like vagrancy and vagabondage
32
how did the dissolutions of the monasteries affect crime and punishment
had a negative impact on poverty in england as part of the role of monasteries was charitable
33
what was the punishment for vagrancy
being branded with the letter v and being sold into slavery for 2 years this was later changed in 1570 to whipping and ear burning
34
when did vagrants stop being sold into slavery
1570
35
when did the punishments for vagrants change
1570
36
what was heresy
holding different religious beliefs to the monarch
37
3 factors that led to witch trials
- RELIGION - reformation and catholicism v protestantism - SOCIAL - divide between rich and poor , hostility towards women - POLITICAL - disorder and chaos of civil war period
38
how did religion lead to the witch trials
tensions rising between catholics and protestants - ppl feared the old religion -catholics
39
who was matthew hopkins
- witchfinder general who led essex witch hunts in years 1644-46 - interrogated accused by depriving them of sleeo food and water - lead to 112 ppl being executed as witches
40
what event arguably lead to the bloody code
the english civil war
41
how did the civil wars help cause the bloody code
after civil wars members of parliament and many rich landowners had a more power and influence over law making and used this power to protect what they had
42
how many crimes were punishable by death during the bloody code
220 by 1776
43
when did bloody code crimes reach 220
1776
44
how many crimes were punishable by death by the late 1600s
around 50
45
when were crimes punishable by death around 50
late 1600s
46
when did the bloody code start
1688
47
when did the bloody code end
1815 (industrial britain)
48
how long was the bloody code
127 years
49
when was the monarchy restored
1660
50
how did the creation of the printing press cause hatred towards vagrants
used to make pamphlets warning people about dangerous gangs of vagrants and blaming them for crime
51
when was the printing press made
1476
52
what was brought to england in 1476
the printing press
53
how did religion cause hatred towards vagrants
puritans (strict protestants) believed that idleness was wrong and it was a sin not to find work
54
how did poor rates affect peoples opinions on vagrants
people didnt like the idea of their poor rates being spent on people from outside their own parish
55
when did witchcraft first become a crime
1542
56
when were witchcraft accusations at their highest
during times of poor harvests and plagues
57
continuity from medieval
- crime of heresy - crime of treason
58
religious changes made by mary 1
- tried to restore catholisism to england - 300 ppl executed for heresy
59
changes made by elizabeth 1
- 1601 poor law
60
changes made by james 1
- introduced strict anticatholic laws i.e 1605 popish recusants act forced catholics to swear loyalty to king and face heavy fines not going to church
61
what law was introduced in 1605
1605 popish recusants act forced catholics to swear loyalty to king and face heavy fines not going to church
62
what was the popish recusants act
1605 popish recusants act forced catholics to swear loyalty to king and face heavy fines not going to church
63
summarise result of the english civil war
- won by oliver cromwell a puritan who became lord protector years 1653-58
64
when was oliver cromwell lord protector
1653-58
65
legal consequences of civil war
- christmas band - alcohol banned
66
social consequences of civil war
- the economic and political chaos of the war created a climate of fear causing people to look to supersticious ideas
67
3 new law enforcement
- nightwatchmen - town constables - professional thief takers
68
night watchmen
- all men expected to do it unpaid - patrol an are from 10pm to dawn - ring a bell to warn ppl to go home
69
town constables
- employed by local authorities - could arrest suspects without from jps
70
professional thief takers
paid by a victim of a crime to catch a criminal and deliver them to the law
71
what was the new punishment for vagrants
whipping
72
2 reasons for a decline in witchcraft accusations
- matthew hopkins died in 1647 helping hysteria to die down - enlightenment happened in the second half of 17th cent as more scientific ideas replaced supersticion
73
2 anticatholic laws as result of gunpowder plot
- popish recusants act (1605) made all catholics swear allegiance to king and face fines for not going to church - catholics banned from voting until 1829 (same yr as met police)
74
what happened during the gunpwder plot
-
75
3 main punishments
- bloody code - early prisons - transportation to north america
76
transportation to north america
- servere punishment 7-14 years hard labour - authorities favoured it as it was a good deterrent and prison system wasnt effective
77
when was bridewell prison built
1556
78
bridewells
As a response to the growing concerns about vagrancy, Bridewell Palace in London was turned into a prison in 1556. It was used to house vagrants. They were forced to work or were physically punished if they refused.
79
number of capital crimes 1820
200
80
causes for the bloody code
ppl believed that their property was at risk due to: - a high number of vagrants - an increase in the amount of highway robbery Social and demographic changes made it harder to find criminals and enforce the law i.e : - increases in the population - increases in travel

History crime and punishment (4 decks)

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