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APWH > Early Latin America Vocab > Flashcards

Early Latin America Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Latin American empires

A

Spain and Portugal’s colonies in the New World

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2
Q

indigenous cultures

A

Native American societies in Latin America

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3
Q

dependent region

A

Latin America’s economic reliance on other countries

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4
Q

European invaders

A

Spanish and Portuguese conquerors in Latin America

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5
Q

mixture of cultures

A

Blend of European, African, and Indian influences in Latin America

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6
Q

Indian civilization

A

Native American societies that survived and influenced later societies

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7
Q

economic gain

A

Desire for wealth and social mobility among Europeans in Latin America

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8
Q

coerced laborers

A

Forced workers, including slaves, used in plantations and mines

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9
Q

Spaniards and Portuguese

A

People from Spain and Portugal who colonized Latin America

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10
Q

Reconquest to Conquest

A

Transition from the reconquest of Iberian Peninsula to the conquest of the New World

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11
Q

Iberian societies

A

Societies from the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal)

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12
Q

urban and peasant life

A

Contrast between city-dwelling and rural populations

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13
Q

encomiendas

A

Grants of land and labor from the Spanish crown to conquerors

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14
Q

slavery

A

Institution of forced labor in the New World

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15
Q

political centralization

A

Concentration of power in the hands of a central government

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16
Q

Catholic church

A

Religious institution closely linked to the state in Spain and Portugal

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17
Q

slave trade

A

Business of buying and selling enslaved Africans

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18
Q

Chronology of Conquest

A

Three distinct periods of European control in the New World

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19
Q

Caribbean experience

A

Spanish colonization of the Caribbean islands as a model for Latin America

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20
Q

Indian laborers

A

Native Americans used as workers in Spanish colonies

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21
Q

Iberian-style cities

A

Cities in the New World modeled after Spanish cities

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22
Q

administrative structure

A

System of government and bureaucracy in Spanish colonies

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23
Q

church influence

A

Impact of the Catholic church on politics and society in Spanish colonies

24
Q

Spanish women and African slaves

A

Groups of people who joined the Spanish in the New World

25
Q

ranches and sugar plantations

A

sugar plantations
Types of agricultural enterprises in the New World

26
Q

Bartolomé de las Casas

A

Dominican friar who advocated for the rights of Native Americans

27
Q

Paths of Conquest

A

Individual initiatives that led to the conquest of Latin America

28
Q

Hernán Cortés

A

Spanish conquistador who led the expedition to Mexico

29
Q

Aztecs

A

Native American civilization in Mexico conquered by Cortés

30
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire in Peru

31
Q

Cuzco

A

Capital of the Inca Empire, captured by Pizarro

32
Q

Spanish expeditions

A

Exploratory missions that expanded the borders of Spanish colonies

33
Q

Spanish urban settlements

A

Cities and towns established by the Spanish in the Americas

34
Q

conquerors

A

Spanish individuals who participated in the conquest of the New World

35
Q

conquest and morality

A

Ethical questions raised by the Spanish conquest and treatment of Native Americans

36
Q

demographic catastrophe

A

Drastic decline in population due to disease, war, and mistreatment

37
Q

Indian institutions

A

Social and political structures of Native American societies

38
Q

enslavement and encomiendas

A

Forced labor and land grants used by the Spanish in the New World

39
Q

Indian culture

A

Traditional customs and practices of Native American societies

40
Q

Portuguese arrival in Brazil

A

Colonization of Brazil by the Portuguese in the 16th century

41
Q

sugar plantations

A

Large-scale agricultural estates in Brazil that produced sugar

42
Q

royal governor

A

Official appointed by the Portuguese crown to govern Brazil

43
Q

Jesuit missionaries

A

Members of the Jesuit order who spread Christianity in Brazil

44
Q

sugar and slavery

A

Economic reliance on sugar production and the use of African slaves

45
Q

gold rush

A

Discovery of gold in Brazil that led to a population boom

46
Q

mines and administration

A

Gold mines and government structures in Brazil

47
Q

Pombal of Brazil

A

Marquis of Pombal, Portuguese statesman who implemented reforms in Brazil

48
Q

marriage and population growth

A

Encouragement of mixed marriages to increase population

49
Q

reforms and trade

A

Changes in policies and regulations to stimulate the economy

50
Q

reforms, reactions, and revolts

A

Responses to the reforms implemented in Latin America

51
Q

multiethnic societies

A

Societies in Latin America with a mix of different ethnic groups

52
Q

societal development

A

Progress and changes in society

53
Q

miscegenation

A

Intermixing of different racial and ethnic groups

54
Q

Castas

A

Social categories based on race and place of birth

55
Q

peninsulares and creoles

A

Spanish-born whites and whites born in the New World

56
Q

patriarchal society

A

Society in which men hold primary power and authority

57
Q
A

APWH (1 decks)

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