Early Influences- Nature vs. Nurture

Question 1

Single gene pair inheritance

Answer 1

a single pair of genes

Question 2

sex-linked inheritance

Answer 2

influenced by gene on the sex chromosome, usually X

Question 3

polygenic inheritance

Answer 3

influenced by multiple genes

Question 4

phenotype

Answer 4

observed characteristics due to combo of genetic and environmental factors

Question 5

genotype

Answer 5

soley genetic

Question 6

critical period

Answer 6

limited time when exposure is necessary for development to occur

Question 7

sensitive period

Answer 7

longer than critical period. An optimal window for certain environmental events to occur.

Question 8

Bronfenbrenners ecological theory

Answer 8

Microsystem-immediate
Mesosystem-interactions among immediate fam
Exosystem- factors impact immediate (work/school)
Macrosystem-social/culture
Chronosystem-events over a lifespan

Question 9

passive genotype-environment correlation

Answer 9

child inherits a gene that predisposes them to certain characteristics (social personality)

Question 10

evocative genotype environment correlation

Answer 10

child genetic makeup evokes certain reactions

Question 11

Active genotype environment correlation

Answer 11

niche picking, child seeks experiences that fit genetic predispositions

Question 12

Gottesman (1963) reaction range

Answer 12

broad or narrow- ex a child born with a genetic defect of mild ID will have broader range of positive outcomes than severe ID

Question 13

epigenetic Gottlieb 2002

Answer 13

individual development and evolution result in continuous and reciprocal interactions between genetics and environment