Early Foregin Policy Flashcards
What were Henry’s main foreign policy aims
Achieve glory through war
Portray England as a strong foreign power
End threats from Scotland
Secure his dynasty
What were Wolseys aims?
Avoid war due to the fact that England could not afford it
Gain Henry glory through alternative measures
What did Henry want in 1510
War
What stopped Henry’s war aims in 1510
His fathers advisors Archbishop Warham and Bishop Fox tricked him into renewing the old truce with France
Which advisors tricked Henry into renewing the alliance with France
Bishop Fox and Archbishop Warham
What happened in 1512
He had sent men to Aquitaine to invade that land but the men were short on supplies
Army was short on supplies
Henry made an alliance with Ferdinand but he had used Henry’s troops as a diversion so that he could take land in the Pryenees
They came back from the campaign with nothing
Why did Henry campaign in Aquitaine fail?
Ferdinand used Henry’s troops as a diversion to take land in the Pyrenees
Army was short on supplies
When did Henry send men to Aquitaine
1512
What happened in June 1513?
Henry led 30,000 men to Calais
What battle occurred in 1513?
Battle of Spurs
Why was the campaign to Calais a victory?
Capture of Therouanne and Tournai
Captured some important French nobles
English made it sound important
What happened while Henry was in France
Battle of Flodden which is where James IV took advantage of Henry being away and tried to invade England
Earl of Surrey led a small army who had defeated James IV and killed him and important Scottish nobles
What were the pros of the Battle of Flodden
Henry’s sister was now reagent I’d Scotland due to the fact that her son James V was not of age yet
Huge defeat against Scots
How much did Henry spend between 1511 and 1513
£960,000
What was Henry’s yearly income
£110,000
When was the Anglo French treaty
1514
What did the Anglo French treaty agree too
French would pay the rest of the pension promised to Henry VII
Henry’s sister Mary would marry Louis XII
Who wanted peace with France
Leo X- Pope
Ferdinand- Spain
Maximilian- HRE
Why did Henry sign the Anglo French treaty
Knew he couldn’t afford to carry out war against France
What happened to the treaty that caused it to go wrong?
Louis XII died shortly after the Anglo French treaty and his sister married the Duke of Suffolk which was really embarrassing
What did the new king of France do
Sent Duke of Albany to other throw Margaret in Scotland
She was reagent to her son
What did Wolsey do to try and prevent the invasion of Scotland
He paid Maximilian a subsidy in secret to fight the French but max took the money and sided with the French
What did Wolsey also try to go against France
Made an anti French League but this failed as Ferdinand died and was replaced by Charles
What left England isolated and humiliated
Peace of Cambri Left out England France Spain HRE
What was the treaty of London
LeoX wanted to fight the Turks (crusade)
Wolsey took over and modified it for himself
Did not allow Campggio inside of the country till Wolsey became Papal Legate
Agreed that non of the large European states would attack each other and that if One country attacked another then all country’s would attack the single country
When did the treaty of London happen
1518
Why was the treaty of London a good thing
Ensured England would not be isolated
All of the biggest European nations attended which improved their prestige
Henry gained a pension through giving back Tournai
Henry’s daughter Mary was bethrothed to the Dauphin of France
Duke of Albany kept out of Scotland
What was the fields of the cloth of Gold?
3,000 important people from France and England met for feats and tournaments
Wolsey impressed everyone with his decorative skills e.g. wine fountains and royal pavilions
When did the field of royal cloth happen
June 1520
What was the impact of the field of the cloth of gold
Expensive and achieved little
Boosted English prestige
What did Wolsey do in 1521
Attempted to negotiate a three way peace between the holy Roman emperor
What did Wolsey do in August 1521
Met with Charles of Spain and signed the treaty of Bruges
What was the effect of the treaty of Burges
Improved English prestige further as they are able to make peace between countries
When was the treaty of Burges
1521
What happened in August 1523?
English force joined up with they Holy Roman Emperor and Duke of Bourbon
When did Henry send an English force costing £400,000 to France alongside the Holy Roman Emperor and the Duke of Bourbon?
1523
How much did the force that went to France in 1523 cost?
£400,000
How much did Henry spend during 1511 to 1525?
£1.4 million
What did the attack of France in 1523?
Costly
Achieved nothing
What was Henry doing to the finances that his dad had left him?
Wasting it
What had happened in February 1525?
Diplomatic revolution where Charles of Spain had won a war against France and took Francis prisoner but Henry did not benefit from this
What happened in treaty of More
Henry made an alliance with France
He would receive finances and in return he would give up his claim to the French throne
When was the treaty of more made?
1525
When was the treaty of cognac signed
May 1526
What was the treaty of cognac about
Newly released Francis I worked with Wolsey to set up an anti Hapsburg (HRE)
England financed it but nothing happened
When was the treaty of Westminster?
1527
What did the treaty of west minister do?
Cement alliance between England and France and suggested marriage between Mary and Francis I or his second son
What happened in 1527?
Charles sacked the Pope Clement
Why was the sacking of the pope a bad thing for Wolsey?
He needed a pope for the approval for Henry’s annulment of the marriage between Catherine of Aragon and Henry
Why was Charles being in charge of the pope a bad thing?
Charles V was Catherine’s cousin
When did Charles fire the pope
1527
What did Wolsey try to do after the pope was fired
Tried to get a college of cardinals to approve annulment as the pope was in captivity
What did Wolsey do after getting a college of cardinals to accept the annulments do?
Wolsey did a trade embargo on Burgundy in 1527
Burgundy was one of the Holy Roman Empire
Why did Wolsey end the trade embargo in 1527
Unpopular
Failed harvests at home
What did Wolsey do in 1528?
Declared war on the Holy Roman Empire
Why did Wolsey not carry out with war with the Holy Roman Empire
English army not on the same level as the Charles military
What did Wolsey tried to do after announcing war failed?
Tried another trade embargo but realised it would hurt England more
What happened in 1529, August?
Peace of Cambrai
What did the peace of Cambrai say?
Peace between France and the Holy Roman Empire and had left England out
What did the peace of Cambrai mean for England?
Wolsey unable to get an annulment
What did Catherine wear at the Battle of Flodden in 1513?
An armour
Who gained all the prestige of the Battle of Flodden?
Catherine and Earl of Surrey
What did the battle of Flooden undermine?
Battle of spurs
