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Embryology > Early Embrology > Flashcards

Early Embrology Flashcards

1
Q

Pre embryonic period

A

First 2 weeks of life

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2
Q

Morphogenesis

A

Development of form and structure

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3
Q

Differentiation

A

Cells specalise to carry out a function

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4
Q

Gestation period

A

38 weeks

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5
Q

Cleavage

A

When cells divide without growing in size

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6
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilised oocyte/ovum

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7
Q

Ovaries

A

Make / store eggs/oocytes and produce hormones that control pregnancy

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8
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

Connect ovaries to uterus

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9
Q

Zona pellucida

A

Glycoprotein coat that surrounds the oocyte/egg

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10
Q

Morula

A

When there’s 8 cells within the zona pellucida

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11
Q

Cells in morula are totipotent

A

Have the capacity to become any type

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12
Q

At what stage is the zygote allowed to reach before it is implanted in IVF?

A

Zygote allowed to reach morula stage and is then implanted into mother, the cells are still totipobent

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13
Q

Zygote travels through fallopian tube to junction with uterus in the first

A

4 days

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14
Q

Emryoblasts Clump and differentiation happens (week l)

A

Trophoblasts on the outside and embryoblasts in middle

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15
Q

Compaction (Week 1)

A

Embryoblasts clump together leaving a cavity called the blastocoel

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16
Q

Trophoblasts line outside of blastocyst

A

They are gonna be needed for support

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17
Q

Potency after compaction

A

Now pluripotent

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18
Q

After compaction Zonapellucida breaks down

A

Means Blastocyst can interact with the uterine tissue

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19
Q

When does Implantation begin?

A

Week 1

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20
Q

What 2 things happen together after implantation?

A

Placenta and embryo form, in early stages placenta = priority

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21
Q

Why is Week 2 is the week of 2’s?

A

2 cell layers emerge:
Outer Cell Mass:
Syncytitotrophoblast (Multinucleated sheett of trophoblasts good for support and transport)
Cytotrophoblasts

Inner Cell Mass:
-Epiblast
-Hypoblast

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22
Q

What does the Bilaminar Disc consist of?

A

Epiblast
Hypoblast

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23
Q

What is the Amniotic cavity?

A

Cavity that forms between cytotrophoblasts and epiblasts

24
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A

When Implantation of the blastocyst occurs elsewhere other than the normal locations

25
Q

Placenta Previa

A

When implantation happens in the lower uterine segment. So placenta grows low down and can block cervix

26
Q

Embryonic Period

A

Weeks 3 -8 Where all major structures and systems are formed

27
Q

Ectoderm Derivatives

A

Epidermis (Skin)
CNS

28
Q

Mesoderm Derivatives

A

CVS (Cardiovascular System)
MSK (Muscular Skeletal)

29
Q

Fetal period

A

Week 9-38

30
Q

When is the:
Pre embryonic period
Embryonic period
Fetal period

A

Fertilisation-week2
Week 3-week 8
Week 9-week 38

31
Q

Endoderm derivatives

A

Lining of the gastrointestinal system (gi), lining of respiratory system, parenchyma cells (functional cells) of glands

32
Q

Pre embryonic period steps

A

Blastulation
Zone pellucida breaks down (implantation can now begin)
Cell differentiation of trophoblasts and embryoblasts
Amniotic cavity forms, gap between trophoblasts and epiblasts

33
Q

Blastulation (formation of the blastocyst) starts when cleavage stops

A

Zygote travels though fallopian tubes, cleavage of internal cells( blastomeres) once 32 blastomeres reached it’s called a morula. Blastomere’s differentiate outer layer = Trophoblasts. Inner cell mass = embryoblasts, compaction, embryoblasts compact leaving a cavity could a blastocoel, structure is now called a blastocyst blastulation has happened.

34
Q

Gastrulation (starts when primitive streak forms)

A

The formation of the trilaminar disc / the 3 germ layers

35
Q

Embryoblasts differentiate

A

Forms bilaminar disc
Epiblasts at top layer
Hypoblasts bottom layer

36
Q

Bilaminar disc =

A

Epiblasts
Hypoblasts

37
Q

Trophoblasts differentiate

A

Very top of blastocyst syncytiotrophoblasts
The rest are cytotrophoblasts

38
Q

Syncytiotrophoblasts role

A

Adhere to and invade endometrium cells, enable utero-placental circulation allows blastocyst to get nutrients from mother

39
Q

Cytotrophoblasts

A

Help form connection with mother

40
Q

Hypoblast function

A

Forms/lines the primary yolk sac

41
Q

How does the Secondary yolk sac form?

A

Pinches off of primary yolk sac

42
Q

Embryonic period

A

All major structures and systems are formed
weeks 3-8

43
Q

Primitive streak

A

When epiblast cells migrate to centre and invaginate/dive downwards displacing the hypoblasts creating a further 2 layers
The 3 germ layers called trilaminar disc

44
Q

How does the notochord form in the mesoderm?

A

Epiblast cells dive down from the primitive node into the mesoderm
Notochord drives neuralation.
Found under where primitive streak formed

45
Q

Notochord

A

Sends signals to ectoderm causing differentiation to neuroectodermn forming neural plate/groove

46
Q

Neural plate curls inwards and out of plane forming neural tube

A

Neural crest cells break off from ectoderm (will later differentiate oo form the peripheral nervous system

47
Q

Neural tube role

A

Will form the Central nervous system
Sends signals to the mesoderm causing it to differentiate

48
Q

What does the Mesoderm differentiate into? Remember PISS

A

Paraxial mesoderm (forms somites)
Intermediate mesoderm (forms kidneys)
Somatic mesoderm (dicephragm and limb muscles)
Splachnic mesoderm ( muscles of heart and other internal organs)
Intra embryonic coelom (spaces in body)

49
Q

What are somites?
What are the 3 somite derivatives?

A

Somites are segmented paraxial mesoderm
Dermatome
Myotome
Scleratome

50
Q

Dermatone

A

Gives rise to skin

51
Q

Myotome

A

Gives rise to area of skeletal muscle

52
Q

Sclerotone

A

Gives rise to a vertebra and rib (bones)

53
Q

How many somites?

A

31

54
Q

What is situs inversus?

A

Complete mirror image of organ locations in chest and abdomen are a mirror image of what the normal human anatomy should be

55
Q

How does situs inversus usually occur?

A

As a result of immobile cilia at the primitive node

Embryology (1 decks)

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