Early Elizabethan England

Question 1

Key features of the court

Answer 1

made up of members of the nobility
were the monarch’s advisors
attending the court required the monarch’s permission

Question 2

Role of the court

Answer 2

to advise the monarch
a public display of wealth and influence
had influence with the monarch rather than power

Question 3

Key features of the Privy Council

Answer 3

around 19 Privy Councillors
met at least 3 times a week
meetings were often attendeed by the monarch

Question 4

Role of the Privy Council

Answer 4

to advise the monarch
make sure the monarch’s decisions were carried out
oversee law and order, local government and security
monitered parliament and justices of the peace

Question 5

Key features of Parliament

Answer 5

made up of House of Lords (included bishops)
made up of house of Commons
could only be called and dismissed by the monarch

Question 6

Role of Parliament

Answer 6

to grant extraordinary tax
passed laws
offered advice to the monarch

Question 7

Key features of the Lords Lieutenant

Answer 7

each county had one chosen by the monarch
were members of nobility
were essential to maintaining monarch’s power and England’s defences

Question 8

Role of the Lords Lieutenant

Answer 8

in charge of raising and training local militia and overseeing country defences
oversaw enforcement of laws
part of local government

Question 9

Key features of Justices of the Peace

Answer 9

were large landowners
kept law and order in their local areas
were unpaid and reported to the Privy Council
was popular job, was a position on status

Question 10

Role of Justices of the Peace

Answer 10

to make sure all social and economic policies were carried out
heard court cases every 3 months for serious crimes
part of local government

Question 11

Divine Right

Answer 11

monarchs believed they were given the right to rule by God

Question 12

Secretary of State

Answer 12

person in the governemnt that the monarch was closest too
advised the monarch on matters importatn to the Crown
example Sir William Cecil

Question 13

Roysl prerogative

Answer 13

areas that only the monarch had the right to decide upon

example, foreign policy, marriage and the succession

Question 14

how monarchs could raise money

Answer 14

rents and income of their own land (Crown lands)
taxes from trade (custom duties)
special additional taxes, had to be agreed by parliament
profits of justice - fines, property or land confiscated from people
loans - were sometimes forced and never repaid

Question 15

Mary, Queen of Scots’ claim to the throne

Answer 15

She was Elizabeth’s cousin and Catholic so many Catholics thought she should also be Queen of England

Question 16

Religious settlement, 1559

Key Features

Answer 16

Act of Supremacy - made Elizabeth the supreme governor of the Church of England, all clergy had to swear an oath of allegiance to her as the Head of the Church
Act of Uniformity - established appearance of churches and the sort of service they held
Royal Injunctions - set of instructions given by Cecil to reinforce the acts, included how people should worship God, structure of services etc

Question 17

Act of Supremacy

Answer 17

Ecclesiastical High Commission set up - job was to maintain discipline within the Church and enforce the religious settlement

Question 18

Act of Uniformity

Answer 18

the Book of Common Prayer, had to be used in all churches
wording of the services where on purposely unclear so that Protestants and Catholics could take it as they believed
was made clear that priests had to wear special vestments
ordered that everyone had to go to church on Sundays and other holy holidays, could be fined if you didn’t go but this didn’t affect nobility much

Question 19

Royal Injunctions

Answer 19

anyone who refused to go to church was to be reported to the Privy Council
all parishes had to have a copy of the Bible in english
people had to have a license to preach

Question 20

Success of the religious settlement

Answer 20

mainly successful
most clergy did 8,000 out of 10,000
only one bishop did but this meant Elizabeth could replace Catholic bishops with Protestant ones
most people accepted it

Question 21

enforcing the religious settlement

Answer 21

visitations were inspections of churches and clergy by bishops to make sure people were following the terms of the religious settlement
first visitations was in 1559, 400 clergy were dismissed for not following terms
after this visitations happened every 3-4 years

Question 22

challenges to the religious settlement

Answer 22

crucifixions:
puritans thought they reprented idols - eliabeth liked them and wanted to keep them, wanted a familiar look and feel in churches
when puritan bishops threatened to resign she backed down and got rid of crucifixes - didn’t get her way
vestments:
elizabeth wanted priests to wear special vestments - were important to catholics
1565 clear people weren’t doing this
1566 further guidlines issued for priests and an exhibition was held in london to show them what they had to wear, some refused to go and lost their posts

Question 23

revolt of the northern earls

Answer 23

in history book