Early Elizabethan England

Question 1

What year did Elizabeth I become queen?

Answer 1

1558

Elizabeth I ascended to the throne at the age of 25.

Question 2

What significant policy was introduced in 1559?

Answer 2

Religious settlement

This settlement aimed to establish a compromise between Catholic and Protestant practices.

Question 3

What was the Treaty of Edinburgh, and when was it signed?

Answer 3

1560

The treaty was crucial for Elizabeth as it helped secure her throne.

Question 4

What action did the Pope take in 1566 regarding Catholics?

Answer 4

Ordered Catholics to refuse church services

This was a significant moment in the conflict between Catholics and Protestants.

Question 5

What major event occurred in the Netherlands in 1566?

Answer 5

Dutch Revolt against Spanish rule

This revolt was part of the broader context of Protestant resistance in Europe.

Question 6

Who arrived in England in 1568?

Answer 6

Mary Queen of Scots

Her arrival posed a significant threat to Elizabeth I’s reign.

Question 7

What was the Revolt of the Northern Earls, and when did it occur?

Answer 7

1569

This revolt was an attempt by Catholic nobles to overthrow Elizabeth I.

Question 8

Who was Mary Tudor?

Answer 8

Elizabeth’s older sister who died in 1558 and was the wife of Philip II

Mary Tudor was also known as Mary I of England.

Question 9

Who was Philip II?

Answer 9

King of Spain and a threat to Elizabeth

His marriage to Mary Tudor strengthened Spain’s influence in England.

Question 10

What was the role of the Duke of Alba?

Answer 10

Spanish nobleman sent by Philip to stop the Dutch revolt in the Netherlands

His actions contributed to tensions between England and Spain.

Question 11

Who was Mary Queen of Scots?

Answer 11

Second cousin of Elizabeth, Catholic, and a threat to Elizabeth

Her claim to the English throne made her a focal point for Catholic plots.

Question 12

What is the Pope’s significance in this context?

Answer 12

Head of the Catholic Church

The Pope supported Catholic claims to the English throne, including that of Mary Queen of Scots.

Question 13

Who succeeded Elizabeth to the English throne?

Answer 13

Son of Mary Queen of Scots, King of Scotland

This refers to James VI of Scotland, who became James I of England.

Question 14

Who was William Cecil?

Answer 14

Elizabeth’s Secretary of State

He played a crucial role in the administration of Elizabeth’s government.

Question 15

What was Robert Dudley’s title?

Answer 15

The Earl of Leicester and an influential Protestant

Dudley was known to be Elizabeth’s favorite and was involved in court politics.

Question 16

Who was Thomas Percy?

Answer 16

Earl of Northumberland and a leading Northern Earl, Catholic

He was involved in plots against Elizabeth’s rule.

Question 17

Who was Charles Neville?

Answer 17

Earl of Westmorland and a leading Northern Earl, Catholic

Like Percy, he played a significant role in the Northern Earls’ rebellion.

Question 18

What was Thomas Howard’s title and religious affiliation?

Answer 18

Duke of Norfolk, Protestant

He supported the Revolt of Northern Earls and sought to marry Mary Queen of Scots.

Question 19

What is legitimacy in the context of Elizabeth’s reign?

Answer 19

Being the rightful heir to the throne, Catholics questioned Elizabeth’s legitimacy.

Question 20

What does succession refer to?

Answer 20

The question of who would rule after Elizabeth.

Question 21

Who are considered nobility?

Answer 21

Those at the top of the social hierarchy, such as Dukes and Lords, usually rich and powerful.

Question 22

What is debt?

Answer 22

Money owed. Elizabeth inherited £300,000 debt from her sister Mary I.

Question 23

What is the Church of England?

Answer 23

Established by Henry VIII as an English alternative to religious rule by the pope.

Question 24

Who is a Protestant?

Answer 24

A follower of the Church of England who believed in prayer and bible study.

Question 25

What defines a Puritan?

Answer 25

A radical Protestant who saw the bible as the literal truth.

Question 26

Who is a Catholic?

Answer 26

A follower of the Pope, with church services and the bible in Latin, wanting crucifixes and vestments.

Question 27

What is the Papacy?

Answer 27

The office of the Pope.

Question 28

What does ‘Virgin Queen’ refer to?

Answer 28

Elizabeth, who didn’t marry and was married to her nation.

Question 29

What was the religious landscape of France during Elizabeth’s reign?

Answer 29

Mainly Catholic, but there was a growing group of Protestants, posing a threat to England.

Question 30

What was Spain’s role during Elizabeth’s reign?

Answer 30

Catholic and the most powerful country, considered the main threat to England.

Question 31

What was the situation in the Netherlands?

Answer 31

Controlled by Spain, but the population was mostly Protestant.

Question 32

What happened in Scotland after the Treaty of Edinburgh?

Answer 32

Originally Catholic, but Protestant Lords took over.

Question 33

What was the religious settlement?

Answer 33

Elizabeth’s laws on religion, attempting to please all religions and impose her will.

Question 34

What was the Act of Supremacy?

Answer 34

Part of the Religious Settlement, declaring Elizabeth as Governor of the Church of England, requiring an oath of allegiance.

Question 35

What did the Treaty of Edinburgh establish?

Answer 35

Established Protestant Lords in charge of Scotland, with Mary remaining Queen, but she was supposed to give up her claim to Elizabeth’s throne (she didn’t!).

Question 36

What was the Dutch revolt?

Answer 36

Dutch Protestants rebelled against Spanish control, encouraged by Elizabeth.

Question 37

What was the Genoese loan?

Answer 37

A loan from Genoa to Philip to pay soldiers in the Netherlands, which Elizabeth stole.

Question 38

What does excommunication mean?

Answer 38

Being cut off from the Catholic Church, meaning Elizabeth was no longer seen as God’s representative on earth, making it not a sin to try to overthrow her.