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History > Early Elizabethan England > Flashcards

Early Elizabethan England Flashcards

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1
Q

Who made up the court in Elizabeth’s Govenment?

A

Noblemen who acted as the monarchs advisors and friends, they could also be members of the privy council.

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2
Q

Who were the privy council?

A

Members of the nobility who helped govern the country

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3
Q

What did the privy council do?

A

Monitored parliament and the JP’s and oversaw the order and security of the country and they advised Elizabeth

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4
Q

Who were the JP’s?

A

Large landowners; appointed by the government who kept law and order locally and heard court cases

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5
Q

Who were the lord lieutenants?

A

Noblemen, appointed by the government; governed English counties

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6
Q

What did parliament do?

A

Advised the government; made up House of Lords and commons; noblemen and bishops

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7
Q

When did Elizabeth I become Queen?

A

1558

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8
Q

What was Elizabethan society based on?

A

Inequality and a social hierarchy; everyone knew their place

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9
Q

What percentage of the population lived in the country side?

A

90%

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10
Q

Who were the nobility?

A

Major landowners; lords dukes and earls

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11
Q

Who were the gentry?

A

People who owned smaller estates

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12
Q

Who were the yeoman farmers?

A

Owned a small amount of land

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13
Q

What did the Tenant farmers do?

A

Rented land from the yeomen and gentry

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14
Q

What did the homeless and the vagabonds do?

A

Moved from place to place looking for work

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15
Q

Who were the merchants?

A

Wealthy traders

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16
Q

How were households run?

A

The husband and father was the head of the household; expected to be obedient

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17
Q

How old was Elizabeth when she became monarch?

A

21

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18
Q

Why was Elizabeth’s legitimacy doubted?

A

The pope had refused to recognise her mothers marriage to Henry VIII

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19
Q

Who refused to acknowledge Elizabeth’s right to rule England?

A

The catholics

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20
Q

What type of Christian was Elizabeth?

A

Protestant

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21
Q

What type of Christian was MQS?

A

Catholic

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22
Q

Why did many people disapproved of a Queen regnant?

A

Christian traditions suggested that women should follow Men’s authority and many people didn’t like the idea of a Queen who actually ruled

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23
Q

What’s legitimacy?

A

It refers to weather a monarch is lawfully entitled to rule

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24
Q

Why didn’t she get married even though she was expected to?

A

As it would reduce her power as her husband would be expected to govern the country

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25
Q

Was Elizabeth well educated?

A

Yes

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26
Q

What were some of her character traits?

A

Confidence and charisma: Enabled her to win over her subjects and parliaments support

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27
Q

How much was she in debt by when she came to the English throne in 1558?

A

300,000

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28
Q

How can monarchs raise money; three ways?

A

Taxes; Rent and income from their own land; profits of justice (fines or property)

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29
Q

Pros and cons for Elizabeth raising taxes to get out of debt:

A

Pro: She could ask parliament for subsidies (special additional taxes)

Con: make her unpopular, cause unrest

30
Q

How did Elizabeth get out of debt?

A

Hoarded her income and but her household expenses in half and sold land- she did get out of debt

31
Q

Why was France a threat in 1558?

A

Wealthier and had a bigger population; MQS married to French king; catholics would rally to MQS in France invaded

32
Q

Why was the fact France ended war with Spain a threat?

A

French military resources were no longer stretched by war with Spain; chance Spain and France, both Catholic countries, would unite against England

33
Q

How did she deal with challenges from abroad?

A

-avoided war with France: gave Calais back by signing peace of Troyes (1564)

-Placing MQS in custody in England

34
Q

Why was religion important?

A

-central to life in England
-going to Church, pilgrimages etc reduced time in purgatory
-Relgious festivals (holy days) marked the agricultural year

35
Q

Why was the number of Protestants in England growing?

A

They were fleeing persecution in Europe

36
Q

What did puritans want?

A

To purify the Christian religion by getting rid of anything that’s not in the bible

37
Q

Name 3 Catholic beliefs:

A

-pope is the head of the Church
-transubstantiation- Bread and wine become Jesus
-7 sacraments
-priests are celibate

38
Q

Name 3 Catholic PRACTICES:

A

-services in Latin
-priests wear vestments
-decorated churches

39
Q

Name 3 Protestant beliefs:

A
  • no pope
    -personal and direct relationship with god
    -only god can forgive sins
    -2 sacraments
    -priests can marry
40
Q

Name 2 Protestant practices:

A

-Simple vestments
-Plain and simple churches

41
Q

Name a difference in the practices of Protestants and catholics

A

Puritans whitewash churches and make sure they have no decor

42
Q

When was the religious settlement?

A

1559

43
Q

What was the aim of the religious settlement?

A

To establish a form of religion that would be acceptable to both Protestants and catholics

44
Q

What did the Act of uniformity do?

A

Established the appearance of churches and how religious services were to be held; required eveyone to attend church

45
Q

What did the act of supremacy do?

A

Made Elizabeth Supreme governor of the Church of England, all clergy and royal officials had to swear an oath of alliance to her

46
Q

What did the 1559 book of common prayer introduce?

A

A set church service to be used in all churches, the clergy had to follow its wording during services or be punished

47
Q

What were the aims of the religious settlement?

A

To be inclusive and accepted by the majority

48
Q

What did the royal injunctions state?

A

All clearly were required to:

  • teach the royal supremacy
  • report those refusing to attend church to the privy council
    -keep a copy of the bible in English
  • wear vestments
49
Q

What sort of new church did the puritans want?

A

Their own church that wasn’t controlled by the queen; no bishops and no vestments

50
Q

What did the puritans want to do that would make the world a more ‘godly’ place?

A

Banning ‘sinful’ such as gambling and cock-fighting

51
Q

They wanted a simpler style of worship, what did this include?

A

Whitewashed churches, no ‘graven images’ (worship of religious idols)- including crucifix’s and statues as they were seen as ungodly and too catholic

52
Q

Name 2 natures of the puritan challenge:

A

-crucifixes; placed in all churches not to upset catholics- puritans opposed this
-Vestments; clergy had to wear special vestments

53
Q

What were puritans like in society?

A

Vocal group, openly anti-catholic and opposed to bishops

54
Q

What was the puritan support?

A

Limited, the government ignored them

55
Q

Who did the catholic church become extremely hostile towards in Elizabeth’s rule?

A

Protestants

56
Q

What was the counter reformation?

A

The Catholic Churches attempted to reverse the Protestant deformation in Europe and to stop its spread

57
Q

What did heresy involve during the counter reformation

A

Denying the teachings of the Catholic Church- can lead to execution

58
Q

What’s a recusant?

A

Someone who practiced the Catholic religion in secret; tolerated to avoid rebellion

59
Q

How many people in the nobility were recusants

A

1/3

60
Q

What did the pope do that increased the Catholic threat of rebellion?

A

Gave instruction that catholics shouldn’t attend church and gave them permission to rebel

61
Q

What was the papacy?

A

-declared Elizabeth was a heretic
-excommunicated her in the form of a papal bull

62
Q

Who was MQS married to?

A

Francais II of Spain- French king

63
Q

Where was MQS Queen of?

A

Scotland

64
Q

Give 3 reasons why MQS was important

A
  • Catholic; many catholics would be prepared to support her claim to the throne
    -No concerns about her legitimacy; undermined Elizabeth’s claim to the throne
    -centre of Catholic plots
65
Q

Whose murder was MQS said to be involved with?

A

Her husband, Francis

66
Q

Why did MQS’s arrival in England cause problems for Elizabeth?

A

-it encouraged rebellion

67
Q

What were Elizabeth’s 4 options in what to do with MQS

A

1- help her regain her throne; anger Scottish nobility, Catholic monarch on mothers borer
2- hand her over to Scottish lords; could provoke France
3- allow her to go abroad; provoke French plot to overthrow her
4- keep her in England; Catholic plotters

68
Q

Why did Elizabeth not make MQS her heir? Give 3 reasons

A

-upset English Protestants
-upset those on privy council
-in the event of her death it would cause a civil war

69
Q

When was the revolt of the northern earls?

A

1569-70

70
Q

Why did the northern earls rebel?

A

-wanted to make England catholic again
-lost a lot of influence in court
-Elizabeth’s refusal to name a heir caused uncertainty

History (2 decks)

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