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History 7 - American Foundations > Early Economy > Flashcards

Early Economy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is economy?

A

The way people use resources to make a living

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2
Q

_________ determined economy

A

Geography

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3
Q

What is topography?

A

Shape of land

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4
Q

What geography did the New England colonies have?

A

The region has rocky soil, uneven topography, a cold climate, is heavily forested, and lacked a navigable river system

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5
Q

What resources and crafts did New England’s economy depends on? What did they trade?

A

Subsistence farming, fishing

They traded timber, fish, and whale products

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6
Q

What is subsistence farming?

A

When you farm just for family not to sell

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7
Q

What is triangle trade?

A

A series of trading steps where at each stop you trade for something more valuable

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8
Q

What is mercantilism?

A

An economic system followed by most European nations in the 17th and 18th centuries, countries saw all other European nations as rivals

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9
Q

What were the 3 goals for mercantilism?

A
  1. Keep gold in mother country
  2. Have a favorable balance of trade
  3. Have self-sufficiency
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10
Q

How did colonies help their mother countries achieve the goals of mercantilism?

A

Colonies had to pay mother countries for manufactured goods and colonies provided resources for the mother countries

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11
Q

What is the definition of the Navigation Acts?

A

Laws passed to regulate colonial trade and shipping

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12
Q

What were the 4 restrictions of the Navigation Acts?

A
  1. Raw materials from the colonies could be sold only to England
  2. Finished products could only be bought from England
  3. Nothing manufactured could be mass produced
  4. All ships trading with the colonies had to be English and 3/4 of crews had to be English
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13
Q

What could you do if England didn’t make a product?

A

Buy it from another country and get taxed by England

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14
Q

England enforced the Navigation Acts rather loosely until ____

A

1763

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15
Q

What was the geography of the Middle Colonies?

A

It was good for farming. It had fertile soil, gently rolling hills, a moderate climate, and navigable rivers.

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16
Q

What resources and crafts did the Middle colonies’ economy depend on? What did they trade?

A

Commercial farming, flour mills

They traded grains

17
Q

Which colonies had an abundance of iron?

A

The Middle colonies

18
Q

What was the Iron Act?

A

A law that stated colonists could produce pig iron or bar iron but not finished products

19
Q

What were the 2 largest groups of immigrants in the Middle colonies? Why did the largest group of immigrants move there?

A

Scots-Irish were the largest; they moved there because the Scots moved to Ireland for freedom of religion but life was hard in Ireland
Germans were the 2nd largest

20
Q

What was the geography of the Southern colonies?

A

Long growing season, rich soil, navigable rivers, flat land, and warm climate

21
Q

What resources and crafts did the Southern colonies’ economy depend on? What did they trade?

A

Commercial farming

They traded tobacco, rice, and indigo

22
Q

What was a nickname for the Middle colonies?

A

The Breadbasket

23
Q

Growing grains did not require ______

A

Slaves

24
Q

Why did a plantation have to be self sufficient?

A

It was isolated

25
Q

Name 5 things found at a plantation

A
  1. Tool house 2.great house 3. well
  2. river 5. kitchen 6. pasture 7. barn
  3. overseer’s house 9. chicken coop
  4. laundry cottage 11. tobacco fields
  5. flower garden 13. drying barn
  6. out houses 15. schoolhouse 16. chapel
  7. graveyard 18. orchard 19. mill
26
Q

Most southern farmers were ______ farmers

A

Yeoman

27
Q

What is a yeoman farmer?

A

Middle class farmers who don’t own slaves but own land

28
Q

What is a caste?

A

A legally established social class that was inherited

29
Q

What is chattel? What caste was considered chattel?

A

Property you can take with you

Slaves

30
Q

What are slave codes?

A

Laws to keep slaves disciplined

31
Q

What are the 5 of the laws contained in the slave codes?

A
  1. Slaves were not allowed to assemble in a group
  2. Slaves could not leave plantation without a written pass, and any white person on the street could stop them and ask for their pass
  3. Slaves could not leave plantation at night
  4. Slaves could not strike a white person, even in self defense
  5. Slaves had no legal rights, could not testify in court
  6. Slaves could not get legally married
  7. Slaves could not handle weapons
  8. Slaves were not permitted to get an education, whites didn’t want slaves to get ideas
  9. Slaves were not allowed to play drums because they could be signals to other slaves
32
Q

How did people defend slavery?

A

Scriptures about servitude were in the Bible, considered themselves helping slaves by giving them food, water, and shelter, racism, other countries were doing it, “necessary evil”

History 7 - American Foundations (6 decks)

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