Early Civilizations Unit 1

Question 1

Bc

Answer 1

Before Christ

Question 2

AD

Answer 2

Anno Domini (in the year of our lord) the year jesus was born (same as CE)

Question 3

BCE

Answer 3

Before Common Era, (countdown to zero left on date line)

Question 4

CE

Answer 4

Common Era (same as AD)

Question 5

Archaeology

Answer 5

A specialized branch of anthropology that studies past people and cultures.

Question 6

Artifacts

Answer 6

studied by archaeologists; objects made by humans from the past

Question 7

Fossil

Answer 7

A trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock.

Question 8

PreHistory

Answer 8

the period of time before written records

Question 9

Paleolithic Age

Answer 9

The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period. AKA old stone age

Question 10

Mesolithic

Answer 10

The “middle” Stone Age, between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic ages.

Question 11

Neolithic/Neolithic Revolution

Answer 11

Literally “New Stone”. Agriculture is the big game changer! Begins as early as 10,000 years ago (8000 BCE) in the Middle East - with agriculture humans begin moving toward what we call “civilization”.

Question 12

Nomads

Answer 12

people who move from place to place

Question 13

Domesticate

Answer 13

to tame; to bring plants or animals under human control

Question 14

Fertile Crescent

Answer 14

A geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates

Question 15

Mesopotamia

Answer 15

A region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that developed the first urban societies. In the Bronze Age this area included Sumer and the Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires, In the Iron Age, it was ruled by the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires.

Question 16

Tigris and Euphrates

Answer 16

two rivers that form the outside border of Mesopotamia

Question 17

Civilization

Answer 17

A complex, highly organized social order

Question 18

Artisan

Answer 18

a skilled craftsman

Question 19

Cuneiform

Answer 19

The earliest known form of writing, which was used by the Sumerians.

Question 20

Scribes

Answer 20

people trained to write using the earliest forms of writing before literacy was widespread

Question 21

Code of Hammurabi

Answer 21

A collection of 282 laws. One of the first (but not THE first) examples of written law in the ancient world.

Question 22

Cultural Diffusion

Answer 22

The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another

Question 23

City-State vs. Empire

Answer 23

A political unit that included a city and its surrounding lands and villages (city-state) a group of states or territories controlled by one ruler (empire)

Question 24

Babylonians

Answer 24

A group of people who conquered the Sumerians. They had a very famous king named Hammurabi (wrote code) Located in central-southern Mesopotamia.

Question 25

Chaldeans

Answer 25

Southwest Asian people who helped to destroy the Assyrian Empire. They were the new Babylonians, with king Nebuchadnezzar reviving Baby’s ways. Pushed frontiers to learn, and contributed to world knowledge.

Question 26

Assyrians

Answer 26

Known as a warrior people who ruthlessly conquered neighboring countries; their empire stretched from east to north of the Tigris River all the way to centeral Egypt; used ladders, weapons like iron-tipped spears, daggers and swords, tunnels, and fearful military tactics to gain strength in their empire

Question 27

Phoenicians

Answer 27

located on eastern Mediterranean coast; invented the alphabet which used sounds rather than symbols like cuneiform

Question 28

Hitties

Answer 28

The group of people who toppled the Babylonian empire and were first to iron work.

Question 29

Hebrews

Answer 29

A smaller early civilization who lived in lands between Mesopotamia and Egypt. Whose development of a monotheistic faith that provided the foundation of modern Judaism(they developed), Christianity, and Islam assured them a significant place in world history

Question 30

Monotheistic vs. Polytheistic

Answer 30

Belief in one god (mono), vs the belief in many gods (poly)