Early Civilizations Flashcards
Mesopotamia
Political: Theocracy. Hammurabi’s code
Economic: Agricultural, Traded (via Tigress and Euphrates)
Religious: Polytheistic; gods were violent and unpredictable.
Social: Patriarchal, gender roles/jobs differed
Intellectual: cuneiform, plow
Artistic: Ziggurat
T: wheel, sail boats, plow, calendar
Leadership: Kings
Conflict: Warring common between civilizations
Egypt
Political: Theocracy,
Economic: Trade via Nile River
Religious: Polytheistic, Atum (Re), Mummification
Social: Slavery widespread, Artisans, Scribes,
Intellectual: Hieroglyphics,
Artistic: Pyramids
T: Bronze, Chariot
L: Pharaohs lead Egypt, Old, Middle, New Kingdoms
C: Invaded by Hyskos peoples, Then conquered by Alexander the Great
India
P: Cities of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro,
E:
R: Hinduism, and Buddhism
S: Women subservient to men (Suttee), men could take second wife. Aryans brought Caste System (Brahmins, Warriors, Vaisyas, Sudras, Untouchables,
I: Galahad Gita, The Vedas, Sanskrit
A:
T: Sewage Systems, Trash Chutes, water wells,
L: Brahmins
C: Aryans brought decline to Ancient India
China
P: Dynasties (Xia, Shang, Zhau, Qin, Han) ruled through ‘Mandate of Heaven’, Legalism (replaced by Confucianism)
E: Monetary System
R: Oracle Bones, Ancestor Worship, Confucianism,
S: (King > Royal Advisors > Aristocrats > Merchants / Artisans > Peasants/Farmers > SLAVES), Filial Piety, Patriarchal.
I: Pictographic and ideographic writing
A: Terra Cotta burial Pit
T: Road System, Bronze, Silk, Tea, Gunpowder, crossbow, Paper, Steel,
L: Dynastic Leaders
C: Mandate of Heaven gave right to overthrow Dynasty (Revolution). Mongols to the north. Peasant suffering,
Greek Geography
Greece is a small peninsula surrounded by many islands.Greece is 80% mountainous, which isolated Greeks from each other causing them to develop their own ways of life and become fiercely independent.
Minoans
From Crete Fishing, Trading Peaceful Knossos Palace Language unknown
Greece in the Dark Age
Food production dropped > population declined.
There are few records of this time, little is known about the Greeks during this time period.
Athens
Democracy (direct, males only).
Women had few rights
Myceneans
From mainland Greece
War-loving civilization
Barbaric warriors
Spoke Linear-A / B ; earliest form of Greek
Sparta
Oligarchy
Warrior civilization; based around war
Persian Wars
Greece fought Persian Empire, Marathon, Thermopylae. By defeating the Persians, Athens became the leader of the Greek world and created an empire.
Peloponnesian Wars
Fought between Greek Superpowers, Athens & Sparta. Athens defeated. weakened the Greek city-states and ruined cooperation among them. For the next 66 years Sparta, Athens, and Thebes struggled for domination.
Etruscans to the Creation of the Roman Republic
Etruscans had more impact on early Rome’s development.
In 509 B.C., the Romans overthrew the last Etruscan king and established a republic.
Patricians
Plebians
Punic Wars with Carthage
Civil Wars
