Early Civilizations

Question 1

Mesopotamia

Answer 1

Political: Theocracy. Hammurabi’s code
Economic: Agricultural, Traded (via Tigress and Euphrates)
Religious: Polytheistic; gods were violent and unpredictable.
Social: Patriarchal, gender roles/jobs differed
Intellectual: cuneiform, plow
Artistic: Ziggurat
T: wheel, sail boats, plow, calendar
Leadership: Kings
Conflict: Warring common between civilizations

Question 2

Egypt

Answer 2

Political: Theocracy,
Economic: Trade via Nile River
Religious: Polytheistic, Atum (Re), Mummification
Social: Slavery widespread, Artisans, Scribes,
Intellectual: Hieroglyphics,
Artistic: Pyramids
T: Bronze, Chariot
L: Pharaohs lead Egypt, Old, Middle, New Kingdoms
C: Invaded by Hyskos peoples, Then conquered by Alexander the Great

Question 3

India

Answer 3

P: Cities of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro,
E:
R: Hinduism, and Buddhism
S: Women subservient to men (Suttee), men could take second wife. Aryans brought Caste System (Brahmins, Warriors, Vaisyas, Sudras, Untouchables,
I: Galahad Gita, The Vedas, Sanskrit
A:
T: Sewage Systems, Trash Chutes, water wells,
L: Brahmins
C: Aryans brought decline to Ancient India

Question 4

China

Answer 4

P: Dynasties (Xia, Shang, Zhau, Qin, Han) ruled through ‘Mandate of Heaven’, Legalism (replaced by Confucianism)
E: Monetary System
R: Oracle Bones, Ancestor Worship, Confucianism,
S: (King > Royal Advisors > Aristocrats > Merchants / Artisans > Peasants/Farmers > SLAVES), Filial Piety, Patriarchal.
I: Pictographic and ideographic writing
A: Terra Cotta burial Pit
T: Road System, Bronze, Silk, Tea, Gunpowder, crossbow, Paper, Steel,
L: Dynastic Leaders
C: Mandate of Heaven gave right to overthrow Dynasty (Revolution). Mongols to the north. Peasant suffering,

Question 5

Greek Geography

Answer 5

Greece is a small peninsula surrounded by many islands.Greece is 80% mountainous, which isolated Greeks from each other causing them to develop their own ways of life and become fiercely independent.

Question 6

Minoans

Answer 6

From Crete
Fishing, Trading
Peaceful 
Knossos Palace 
Language unknown

Question 7

Greece in the Dark Age

Answer 7

Food production dropped > population declined.

There are few records of this time, little is known about the Greeks during this time period.

Question 8

Athens

Answer 8

Democracy (direct, males only).

Women had few rights

Question 9

Myceneans

Answer 9

From mainland Greece
War-loving civilization
Barbaric warriors
Spoke Linear-A / B ; earliest form of Greek

Question 10

Sparta

Answer 10

Oligarchy

Warrior civilization; based around war

Question 11

Persian Wars

Answer 11

Greece fought Persian Empire, Marathon, Thermopylae. By defeating the Persians, Athens became the leader of the Greek world and created an empire.

Question 12

Peloponnesian Wars

Answer 12

Fought between Greek Superpowers, Athens & Sparta. Athens defeated. weakened the Greek city-states and ruined cooperation among them. For the next 66 years Sparta, Athens, and Thebes struggled for domination.

Question 13

Etruscans to the Creation of the Roman Republic

Answer 13

Etruscans had more impact on early Rome’s development.
In 509 B.C., the Romans overthrew the last Etruscan king and established a republic.
Patricians
Plebians
Punic Wars with Carthage
Civil Wars