Early Civil Rights

Question 1

13th Amendment

Answer 1

Abolished slavery 1865 under a Republican dominated Congress

Question 1

14th Amendment

Answer 1

Equal rights for all men naturalised in the US 1868

Question 2

15th Amendment

Answer 2

Black franchise, 1870 after the Civil War

Question 3

What was the NAACP

Answer 3

National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People. Founded in 1909 by Ida B. Wells and W.E.B Du Bois. Legislative branch of the CRM, took cases to court to pass new legislation

Question 4

Booker T Washington

Answer 4

Formed the Tuskegee University. First African-American to be invited to the White House in 1901. Had political influence but was aware he was only capable of promoting small scale change. Advocated for equal education opportunities.

Question 5

Ida B. Wells

Answer 5

1889 became co-owner of the Memphis Free Speech newspaper, speaking out against lynching and discrimination. Founding member of the NAACP. Had to move to Chicago due to the threats. Refused to leave a 1st class car reserved for white people. She was forcibly removed and successfully sued the railroad. This ruling was later revoked by a higher court.

Question 6

Plessy Vs. Ferguson

Answer 6

1896. Homer Plessy bought a ticket for rail travel within Louisiana and sat in a car reserved for white passengers. Refusing to move, he was arrested and charged for violating the Separate Cars Act. Ferguson declared the act unconstitutional and set the judicial precedent for separate but equal facilities. This ruling maintained the Jim Crow laws by lawfully excusing segregation.
      Facilities remained separate but were far from equal.

Question 7

Jim Crow laws

Answer 7

Collection of state and local statutes that legalised segregation. Marginalised African-Americans by denying them the right to vote, hold jobs or education, as well as other opportunities. Expanded through the 1880s.

Question 8

Black codes

Answer 8

Strict local and state laws that restricted employment and pay of formerly enslaved people. Immediately followed the 13th Amendment. Former Confederate soldiers worked as police and judges, making it near impossible to win cases for Civil Rights.

Question 9

How many people were lynched from 1880-1930

Answer 9

3320 black Americans
723 white Americans
Lynching was not policed, since many police officers were KKK members

Question 10

What film released in 1915 had a huge impact of the KKK

Answer 10

Birth of a Nation. 1870: federal grand jury deemed the KKK as a terrorist group of approx. 550,000, leading to the prosecution of members. Woodrow Wilson endorsed the film, leading to a resurgence in the KKK. Non-partisan approach and nativist, religious agenda heavily influenced its popularity
grew to 4million in 1924

Question 11

Black members of Congress

Answer 11

4 black Congressmen up to 1955 (none in the Senate) and no black women in the HoR until 1969.
Gave the black electorate no one to vote for even though they could vote.

Question 12

Who was the first black woman in Congress

Answer 12

Shirley Chisholm, elected in 1968

Question 13

A. Philip Randolph

Answer 13

Leader of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (AA Labour rights’ union) Threatened a march of 100,000 on Washington unless FDR banned discrimination in the Army and in the defence industry.
Led a successful protest by railway workers in May 1941.
One of the ‘Big 6’ Civil Rights activists.

Question 14

What Executive order did FDR pass

Answer 14

8802: banned discrimination in the Army and government, passed June 25 1941.

Question 15

When was the Great Migration

Question 16

How did the Great Migration improve the lives of black Americans

Question 17

What Executive order did Truman pass

Answer 17

9981: banned segregation in the Army and government July 26 1948. Passed during election year which was a risky political move.