Early Childhood Development- Physical Growth Flashcards
Define gross motor
Gross motor has to do with the development of large muscles such as those in the arm and legs. Gross motor skills require the use of these muscles so tasks such as jumping, running, throwing, catching and kicking a ball are all examples
Fine motor movements require the use of ____________
minute movements. There is an increased dexterity required as fine motor skills require the use of the hands often - such as writing, coloring, pouring, building blocks, tracing, pasting.
What process other than increases connections between neurons happens during early childhood?
How long does this process last?
Myelination - certain neurons have the Myelin shealth added to them- this is layer of fat insulating the neuron. The result is a faster transmission of nerve impulses relayed among neurons.
This process takes many years, and has a direct impact on the thinking process of young children.
This occurs during not only early childhood but also throughout adolescence, and early adulthood.
Synaptic Pruning- neurons connect with each other at the synapse, or the space between the cells. Pruning increases the efficiency of these networks by discarding underused connections and strengthening those that are,
What is the 2nd stage in Piaget’s Cognitive Theory?
The preoperational stage
Why is it called preoperationa?
Because this stage occurs before mental operations take place. Taking place from the age of 2-7, children in this stage do not fully internalize their actions.
What are the two substages of the preoperation stage ??
They are the Symbolic Function substage and the Intuitive Thought substage
In the Symbolic Function stage, children (ages ______) are continuing t to develop their ability to mentally ____________ objects. They are moving towards ___________ but are not quite there yet.
2-4; represent; abstract thought
What does egocentrism mean according to Piaget?
The inability of a child to understand and take on someone’s perspective other than their own
DIscuss the significance of Piaget’s 3 mountains task?
Piaget wanted to know at what age children lose their Egocentrism. He determined it to be around age 7.
His three Mountain tasks was designed so that the child had to describe and match up photos that would be seen through another’s perspective
What is animism ?
Essentially, for children at this age, the lines between “____________ and ____________ are blurred”
Animism is seen in children when they give human qualities and feelings to inanimate objects, living or not.
Reality and Imagination are blurred. Thinking more intuitively rather than thinking logically
According to Piaget,, children start to develop reasoning ability around what age ?
Between the ages of 4-7. This is the Intuitive Thought substage.
children are prevented from engaging in intensive philosophical debates because …………
of centration.
Centration involves not really seeing the whole picture but rather focusing all attention on one feature of an object.
What is conservation as it relates Piaget’s Intuitive Thought Substage
Conservation is the ability to know that an objects physical properties are not changed even if the appearance of it changes.
It is recognizing that appearance is not everything
According to Piaget……………… what prevents conservation in children?
Their difficulties and inability to focus on more than one feature of an object. They get caught up in one feature that doesn’t let them see the whole picture.
Thus centration prevents conservation…. the focus on one aspect of an object can prevent the child from recognizing that there has been no physical change to an object even if its appearance has been altered.
