Early Chick and Pig Development

Question 1

Six big model organisms

Answer 1

Caenorhabditis elegans
Drosophila melanogaster
Brachydanio rerio
Xenopus laevis
Gallus domestica
Mus muculus

Question 2

This is the area in the blastoderm that undergoes rapid division giving rise to the cells of the embryo later on.

Answer 2

Area pellucida

Question 3

During the stage of early chick development, cells from the posterior margin of the area pellucida condense and form what structure?

Answer 3

Primitive streak

Question 4

The formation of the primitive streak from the area pellucida plays what role in the early chick embryo development?

Answer 4

1. establishment of the bilateral symmetry
2. initiation of gastrulation

Question 5

In the stage 4 of chick formation, cells at the anterior end of the primitive streak condense and form what structure?

Answer 5

Hensen’s node

Question 6

Functioning as organizer of cell fate and patterning during gastrulation, the Hensen node is equivalent to what structure that appears in the development in amphibian embryo?

Answer 6

Spemman-Mangold organizer

Question 6

This process initiates neurolation in early chick embryo

Answer 6

Head fold formation

Question 7

This structure develops from the outgrowth of the embryonic hindgut.

Answer 7

Allantois/Allantoic vesicle

Question 8

This pair of blood vessels carried blood between the embryo and the yolk sac.

Answer 8

Vitelline veins

Question 9

This primordial structure gives rise parts of the inner ear.

Answer 9

Otocyst

Question 10

What are the four extra embryonic membranes in vertebrates?

Answer 10

Amnion, yolk sac, allantois, and chorion

Question 11

This structure refers to single reproductive cell in unfertilized chick eggs.

Answer 11

Germinal disc/Blastodisc

Question 12

outermost extra embryonic membrane which allows gas exchange

Answer 12

chorion

Question 12

Differentiate the blastoderm and blastodisc in appearance

Answer 12

Blastodisc - small white
Blastoderm - bullseye appearance

Question 12

When fertilized, the blastodisc forms a structure called?

Answer 12

the blastoderm

Question 13

Extraembryonic membrane that provides food

Answer 13

yolk sac

Question 13

Encases embryo in fluid-filled cavity and provides protection from mechanical shock

Answer 13

amnion

Question 14

Contains excreted wastes form the embryo

Answer 14

allantois

Question 14

vascular membrane that formed from the fusion of allantois and chorion

Answer 14

chorioallantoic membrane (CAM)

Question 15

Blood vessel formation in the CAM is attributed to

Answer 15

vasculogenesis, and angiogenesis

Question 16

In CAM assay, this refers to the number of branch points per capillary segment

Answer 16

Branch point density

BP in a blood vessel segment/length of blood vessel segment

Question 17

Distance between each branch point

Answer 17

intercapillary distance

Question 17

suspend yolk at the center of the egg

Answer 17

Chalazae

Question 18

The air cell is located at which side of the egg

Answer 18

blunt end

Question 19

What are the three brain regions visible in a 33-hour chick embryo

Answer 19

prosencephalon (forebrain), mesencephalon (midbrain), Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Question 20

Prosencephalon which will develop into the forebrain is composed of what structures?

Answer 20

Telencephalon and diancephalon

Question 21

The rhombencephalon which will develop into the hindbrain is composed of which structures?

Answer 21

Metencephalon and myelencephalon

Question 22

Is the highly developed anterior part of the prosencephalon (forebrain) which will give rise to the cerebral cortex

Answer 22

telencephalon

Question 23

Connects the midbrain to the rest of forebrain

Answer 23

diencephalon

Question 24

is the large round bulb that is at the top of the head in the embryo

Answer 24

mesencephalon

Question 25

is the thin part behind the midbrain

Answer 25

metencephalon

Question 26

will give rise to the cerebellum, pons, and medulla

Answer 26

myelencephalon